long travel tundra

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Welcome to Dirt King!

Long Travel Kit

 Description

The Dirt King long travel kit was developed to drastically improve the vehicles off-road handling without compromising its day to day driving characteristics. This suspension system allows for 14.5” of travel and accepts up to a 37” tire. The kit is compatible with 2WD models and 4WD models along with the purchase of extended axle shafts. Our upper and lower arms are designed with 1” stainless steel uniballs for the outer pivots instead of ball joints for strength and increased articulation. Compared to the competition we’ve gained several inches of ground clearance by mounting the lower arms in the factory location instead of below it. This kit is CAD designed, thoroughly tested, and 100% made in America resulting in a product we’re proud to put our name on!

 Specifications

• Wheel Travel: 14.5”
• Amount of Lift: 0-4”
• Track Width: 3” wider per side
• Maximum Tire Size: 37”
• Maximum Backspacing: 4.75”
• Minimum Rim Size: 17”
• Coil over Shock Size: 2.5” x 8” 
• Bypass Shock Size: 2.5” x 8” 
• Bump Stop Size: 2.0” x 2.0”

4WD 4WD vehicles must purchase extended axle shafts or complete axle assemblies to retain 4WD. There's two options for the material grade on the axles. Either 4340 (strong) or 300M (strongest).  To achieve the full amount of travel on 4WD models you must install the 1” diff drop kit also.

Shocks For the best performance and to achieve the full amount of travel you must purchase our spec built shocks or have them custom built based on our coil over spec sheet. Our long travel kit is also tabbed to accommodate bypass shocks.  The bypass shocks will allow for superior suspension dampening and tune-ability. To mount the bypasses we offer a weld on bypass shock hoop kit (DK-815910) that can be purchased separately. The bypass shock hoop kit requires welding and modifications to the frame. For extreme off-roading the kit has the ability to accept bump stops along with the coil overs and bypasses. The use of bump stops will also require welding and modifications to the frame.

Wheel Travel When shopping long travel kits many consumers tend to focus just on travel numbers. This is the reason many companies claim inaccurate numbers or don’t disclose the amount of work involved to achieve these numbers. Our goal is to build a suspension system with the highest amount of wheel travel without requiring major modifications to the vehicle or compromising its overall drivability.

Tire Info When using 37” tires with this kit modifications to the wheel well will need to be made. The firewall pinch weld will need to be folded over and front cab mount needs to be shaved to avoid contact while turning. The upper wheel well will also need to be modified to avoid contact at full bump.   

 What's Included

• Boxed plate upper control arms
• Boxed plate lower control arms
• 9" quad wrapped limit straps
• Weld on adjustable limit strap mounts
• 17-4 stainless steel misalignment spacers
• 17-4 stainless steel tie rod extensions
• DOT approved extended brake lines 
• Grade 8 mounting hardware
• Zinc plated bushing washers
• Bolt on application, minimal modifications required
• Utilizes American made FK bearings
• 4130 chromoly uniball cups
• Polyurethane bushings for the UCA’s
• Delrin bushings for the LCA’s
• Zinc plated inner bushing sleeves
• Grease fittings for easy servicing             
• 3/16" and 1/8” boxed plate construction
• Internally ribbed with extrusions for weight reduction
• Bump stop plating
• Limit strap tabbing
• Bypass tabbing

  Compatibility

2007-2021 Toyota Tundra 2WD / 4WD * Front fiberglass required.

• Shipping Policy
• Returns & Exchange

Please view our shipping policy, exchange policy, and disclaimer information for details. If you would like more information or have any questions regarding our products,  feel free to contact us for assistance by visiting our contact page. 

Shipping & Delivery Dirt King ships their products within the United States and Internationally. Most products ship via UPS or USPS. Orders that exceed $500 require a signature confirmation. On bulk orders contact Dirt King for a freight quote. The customer is responsible for import taxes and fees on international shipments.

Damaged or Missing Parts In an instance where you receive a damaged package a claim must be made with Dirt King. The claim can be submitted by sending an email to [email protected] containing photos of the damaged packages and damaged products. The email must also include your order number as well. Do not discard any of the original packaging or try installing the products.

While every precaution is taken there could be a case where you are missing parts. If this happens please send an email to [email protected] with your order number, list of missing parts, photo of the package or packages, and a photo of the quality control tag located on the back of the box.

If the shipping carrier losses your package please contact Dirt King. A claim will be filled with the shipping carrier. Unfortunately, we do not have much control over this situation and must wait for the carrier to process the claim.

Freight Shipping The customer must contact Dirt King to arrange for freight shipping. Dirt King will palletize the order and the customer can deal directly with the freight carrier if preferred. The shipment can be delivered to a home or business. The customer must be present for the delivery to inspect and sign for the package. Before signing confirm that you received all items listed on the packing slip and nothing is damaged. If you receive damaged parts or are missing parts leave a note on the bill of landing and sign it. Make sure the driver is aware of the situation and signs your copy of the bill of landing with the noted damages or missing parts. Once you have taken possession of the package file a claim with Dirt King by sending an email to [email protected]. Please include your order number, copy of your bill of landing, and photos of the damaged items or list of missing parts. Do not discard any of the original packaging or try installing the products. Dirt King will do everything possible to resolve the issue as quickly as possible.

• Returns are only accepted within 30 days.
• Product must have been purchased from us and not a dealer.
• A 3% processing fee is deducted from all refunds.
• On shipped orders   a 7% restocking fee and a  3% processing fee is deducted from all refunds.
• Products such as bumpers, hitches, and bed cages that have optional powder coat added are subject to a 7% restocking fee and a 3% processing fee. If the order is canceled before the product is powder coated then the 7% restocking fee can be waived.
• On shipped orders we are not responsible for return shipping or refunding the original shipping amount.
• Parts must be returned in the original package and condition as they were sent.
• No returns on items that have been damaged or installed.
• Refund will be issued once the parts have been received and inspected.
• Custom products are non refundable.
• Crypto orders will be refunded the same coin amount that was paid originally.

All products sold or manufactured by Dirt King are intended for off-road use only. Our products are strictly engineered and tested and are not to be modified from their original design in any way. Welding should always be done at a qualified and certified facility only. Customer assumes all liability in assuring that parts are installed correctly, maintained, and not modified or altered in any way. Dirt King is not responsible or liable for any accidents, injuries, or deaths that may occur from the use of any products offered. Suspension modifications may change the dynamics and stability characteristics of the vehicle. Ensuring prompt wheel alignment and ADAS recalibration after suspension modifications is critical and the sole responsibility of the customer.

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Long Travel Suspension

Long travel (LT) suspensions for Tundras

•   Sticky Threads

Shock Tuning

Long-travel kits list

Don’t Forget the Rear

Thinking about adding Long Travel to your 2007+ Tundra.....Read this first

King Shock rebuild, pic heavy, get beer(s).

•   Normal Threads

TOTAL CHAOS +2.5" Tundra Long Travel

Going Long Travel Front and Rear

Mid travel questions, and general discussion

2022+ BajaKits Long Travel Build Thread

Coil Bucket Cross Brace

Another Back-halfed Build

Limiting strap

Raptor vs long travel.

Tips for installing the Camburg LT kit?

Pro-Comp long travel

Inner Fender Liner For Aftermarket Fenders

+3.5 long travel axle rebuilds? Best boots?

Doubling up. 2 Add-a-Leafs back to back in the stack

4 link build - Need assistance with electronics and other setups.

Rear suspension without losing bed space

Rear sway bar.

2019 tundra

Baja bumper w/out long travel

2.5 vs 3.0 bypasses, long travel alignment in san diego.

Air filter setup options

Ads triple bypass rears - revalve.

Daily drive long travel? With overland setup, top-heavy?

Anybody ever try building their own long travel arms?

Smog Pump Relocation With LT Kit/FiberGlass Fenders

Coilover differences

700lb or 800lb springs?

2000 toyota tundra 4x4 4.7.

Tundra Pre-runner

New Lift Kit

2011 tundra suspension, drop rear suspension, extended sway bar links.

Towing and long travel?

Ram Assisted Steering Rack

Rear LOng Travel Deaver leaf spring

Intake and Fiberglass Fenders

Fox vs. king, tc vs. camburg, leafsprings vs. links, n2 vs. compressor, the argument podcast, long travel kit decision ......, anybody have a long travel kit for a 1st gen, what does long travel and medium travel mean, thread display options, products discussed in entire site forum: long travel suspension.

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Long Travel Suspension Kit / Tundra 00-06 & Sequoia 00-07

$ 3,445.00 – $ 4,220.00

Long Travel Suspension kit for the Toyota 00-06 Tundra and 00-07 Sequoia will achieve 14″ of fully-functional wheel travel in 2WD or 4WD

Description

Additional information.

• Installation Guide
• Applications

The Long Travel Suspension Kit for Toyota Tundra 00-06 & Sequoia 00-07 will achieve 14″ of fully-functional wheel travel in 2WD or 12.5″ of travel for 4WD kits. The kit widens the trucks front stance 3.5″ per side. Combine this 14″ Long Travel kit with our Fabricated Spindles , 1″ Lower Uniball Conversion , or Steering upgrades for a bulletproof setup.

We took it a step above our competitors and made ¾” heims standard on the UCAs included in this kit! This will help to align your truck, even if you have a bent or fatigued frame.

Our Toyota  W-I-Y UCA Double Shears are not included but highly recommended in order to keep the UCA cross shaft bolt from bending during hard driving/ Off-roading.

Recommended grease for bushings – Maxima Waterproof Grease

Application

• 2000-2003 Toyota Tundra 2WD and 4WD
• 2004-2006 Toyota Tundra 2WD and 4WD
• 2000-2007 Toyota Sequoia 2WD and 4WD
• **Note: Please specify your year truck when ordering**
• 14” of wheel travel 2WD
• 12.5″ of wheel travel 4WD
• 3 1/2″ per side increased track width
• Fits 35″ tire size
• Fiberglass required: Yes
• Extended Front Brake Lines
• 2WD/4WD compatible
• 4130 Chromoly Uniball cups
• MIG Welded construction
• Made in the U.S.A

Long Travel Suspension Kit Includes

• Tubular Control Arms with 3/4″ heim pivots and 1” uniballs
• BOXED Lower Control Arms with Polyurethane bushing pivots
• Steering Connectors
• DOT Stainless Brake Lines
• Limit Straps and weld-on frame tabs
• Black Semi-Gloss Powder coated finish
• Upper Shock Coil Bucket Adapters for 8″ stroke coil over shocks*
• Grade 8 Hardware
• 17-4 Stainless Steel Misalignment Spacers
• FK 3/4 heim joints
• FK 1″ Uniballs
• Extended 4WD Axle Shafts with factory spline count for Toyota Automatic Differential Disconnect Hubs   (Customer must assemble axles with supplied axle shafts) ( 4WD KIT ONLY )

Small Lower Ball Joint:  00-02 Tundra Access Cab, 00-03 Sequoia ( Square bolt pattern )

Big Lower Ball Joint:  04-07 Sequoia, 03-06 Tundra ( Rectangle bolt pattern )

Please call us for clarification.

Click the PDF down below

Toyota Long Travel Instructions

Toyota UCA to Fabricated Spindles

Toyota UCA to Stock Spindles

Toyota Long Travel UCA Spacer Diagram

This product fits the following vehicles:

Optional Upgrades

Toyota W-I-Y Upper Control Arm Double-Shear Kit

Solo Motorsports offers our W-I-Y Upper Control Arm Double-Shear kit for Tacoma and Tundra Toyotas.

Toyota Tundra Transmission Mount / 2000-2004

Upgrade your offroad experience with our Toyota Tundra Transmission Mount. Designed to fit 2000-2004 Toyota Tundra with A340E Transmissions.

Toyota Alignment Cam & Cam Tabs Upgrade

The Toyota Alignment Cam Upgrade kit is the BEST way to make sure your truck stays aligned, forever! Unlike many other kits ours offers more points of alignment, properly shanked bolts, and nuts capable of withstanding severe vibration and shock loads.  Read the full description to find out what makes our kit the best!

Toyota Fabricated Spindles / 2WD and 4WD

Solo Motorsports is proud to offer our fully-fabricated spindles for both the 2WD and 4WD 1996-2004 Toyota Tacoma, the 2000-2006 Toyota Tundra, and 1996-2002 Toyota 4Runner.

• Safety Equipment
• Hardware / Replacement parts
• King Shocks Products

1st Gen Tundra / Sequoia Long Travel Suspension

• Regular price $2,950.00

At 4.5” wider per side and 1” forward for extra firewall clearance, this kit allows up to 15” of useable wheel travel. Upper balljoints are replaced by 1” FK uniballs for maximum strength and durability, and stock rubber bushings are replaced by durable polyurethane or optional heim joints.

For 4WD kits, we build custom CV axles with heat treated 300m axle shafts and machined / rebuilt / rebooted OEM CV joints for added articulation and strength. Axles come completely assembled and ready to bolt on.

Kit includes: boxed upper and lower control arms with Energy poly bushings, tie rod extensions, extended steel braided brake lines (replaces hard and soft sections of stock lines), spindle to upper uniball adapters, and custom coilover top brackets. Arms come raw or powdercoated gunmetal grey.  Adjustable upper arms equipped with FK heims available as an option.

*Custom coilovers can be added to your order, message or email us for details!*

Rock crawling, trail running or prerunning a race course, this suspension does it all! 

8-12 week lead time, depending on options, order volume and availability of materials. Built to order, all sales final.

Camburg Engineering

We’ll be closed December 25th and January 1st for the holidays

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Phone: 714-848-8880 | Email: [email protected]

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Camburg Toyota Tundra 2wd/4wd 04-06 Long Travel Kit

$ 3,295.00 – $ 6,819.90

Description

• What’s Included
• Vehicle Applications

This Off-road System will provide 13″ Of travel and widens the trucks front stance 3.5″ per side. Fiberglass fenders are a must. The Boxed lower Arms pivot on massive 1″ uni-balls instead of cheap bushings. The upper arm replaces the ball-joint with a 1″ uniball and uses a heat-treated stainless steel adapter on the spindle.  This very kit has been raced on in Baja with great results.

With this kit you have the ability to run a coilover, with a bypass shock and hydraulic/air bump stop for the ultimate control for off-road use. We have a Camburg spec. FOX or King 2.5 coilover that we’ve designed to yield maximum useable wheel travel and control with specific valving. When running a bypass shock you or a shop will need to fabricate the upper mounts.

Fiberglass front fenders need to be installed in conjunction with this suspension system. While this kit is able to be 95% bolt-on, we recommend having it installed by a reputable off-road shop familiar with these types of products and components. This is not for your beginner mechanic to handle.

• Also fits 2004-2007 Sequoia’s

Long Travel Kit (CAM-310016):

• Uniball upper control arms
• Boxed lower control arms
• Extended front brake lines (CAM-330002)
• 12″ Limit straps
• Steering extensions
• Coilover mounts
• Camburg 4340 4wd axle shafts (CAM-310031)
• FOX 2.5 coilover kit (CAM-310025-3)
• King 2.5 coilover kit (CAM-310025-5)
• FOX 2.0 x 2.5″ bump stops w/ cans (2x 980-02-311 & CAM-040027)
• King 2.0 x 2″ bump stops w/ cans (2x BS2020 & 20AB422-104)
• FOX 2.5 bypass shock kit (CAM-310106-1)
• King 2.5 bypass shock kit (CAM-310106-2)

SHOCK SPECS: 2.5 x 8″ remote coilover 18″ x 600 lb coils 22.3″ extended | 14.3″ collapsed Flat/Lowered lower spring seat 1.25″ width shock spacers 90 degree res. fitting on shock.

• (702) 629-3235

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• Tacoma 1st Gen (95-04)
• Tacoma 2nd Gen (05-15)
• Tacoma 3rd Gen (16+)
• Tundra 1st Gen (00-06)
• Tundra 2nd Gen (07-13)
• Tundra 2.5 Gen (14-21)
• 4Runner (96-02)
• 4Runner (03-09)
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• Accessories

2000-2006 Tundra Long Travel Suspension Kit

$ 2,300.00

None 00-03 04-06

None ADS 2.5″ Remote Resi Coilovers (+ $ 1,966.50 ) ADS 2.5″ Remote Resi Coilovers w/ Clicker Adjusters (+ $ 2,422.50 ) None

None Yes (+ $ 650.00 ) None

None ADS 2.125″ x 2.0″ Bumpstops (+ $ 631.48 ) None

None MCM Secondary Shock Hoop (+ $ 375.00 ) None

None ADS 2.5″ x 8″ 3 Tube Bypasses (+ $ 2,647.39 ) None

• Description
• Additional information
• Vehicle Fitment

MCM Fab Long Travel Suspension for the 2000-2006 Toyota Tundra.  Our kit features a CNC bent, MIG welded, boxed lower control arm design with internal ribbing for increased strength and rigidity.  The Upper Control arms are TIG Welded using high quality American made DOM Tubing.  Stainless FK Uniballs are used for the Upper Arm outer pivot to provide a long service life in even the harshest conditions. Our Bushings are made by Energy Suspension using the highest quality polyurethane they offer for long service life.  The steering extensions and misalignment spacers are machined in house from Stainless Steel for strength and durability.

The kit is capable of 13″-14″ of useable travel using a shortbody 8″ Coilover.

Extended axles required to retain 4wd capability

Kit includes

• 3.5″ Wider Per Side
• TIG Welded Uniball Upper Arms
• MIG Welded Boxed Lower Arms
• Steering Extensions
• Limit Straps
• Extended Brake Lines
• All Necessary hardware for installation

Shock Specs

• 15.5″ Compressed from Top of Strut Adapter to Center of Lower Eyelet
• Raised Spring Perch
• 8″ Travel
• 18″ x 600lb Springs for Access Cab, 18 x 650lbs for Double Cab

Related products

Fabrication and Service Items

Uniball Service Kit

00-06 Tundra Spring Under Shackles

Eibach Pro-Truck Lift Kit for 00-06 Toyota Tundra

Eibach Stage 1 Pro Truck Lift System w/ MCM Fab UCAs 00-06 Tundra

00-06 Tundra Rear Cantilever Kit

2000-2006 Tundra Uniball UCAs

Bushing Service Kits

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• Tundra News

2024 Toyota Tundra 1794 Limited Edition is 'a truckload of leather'

Special interior from saddleback leather co., only 1,500 to be made.

It's Texas State Fair time, and that means it's Texas-themed pickup time. Toyota rustled up one of its herd for the show, applied a special 1794 brand to its flanks, and called in a Texas partner to create what's called the 2024 Tundra 1794 Limited Edition. It starts with the regular Tundra 1794 Edition in Crew Cab form with the 5.5-foot bed. It can be had in one of four colors — Blueprint, Midnight Black Metallic, Smoked Mesquite or Wind Chill Pearl — all of which are accessorized with gloss black and dark chrome accents. Product planners gave the rig the equivalent of a taller boot heel by adding the Fox 2.5 suspension normally found on the Tundra TRD Pro. The internal bypass shocks with piggyback reservoirs provide a 1.1-inch lift over the 20-inch matte wheels.

The Tundra offers a Saddle tan interior from the factory, but Toyota called their fellow Texans at the Saddleback Leather Company to create what's being called "A truckload of leather." Stitched hides cover everything from the instrument panel to the special pull handle on the rear arm rest. And there's a pair of thin saddlebags hanging low from the front seatbacks. Owners will also get a set of Saddleback Leather accessories, including an overnight bag, a tool roll, a leather-bound owner’s portfolio, a key glove, and in case they've still got gubbins to stash, a small leather pouch.

The automaker's only making 1,500 of these, each identified with a sequentially numbered badge on the instrument panel. The only powertrain available will be the I-Force Max hybrid with a twin-turbo 3.4-liter V6 making a combined 437 horsepower and 583 pound-feet of torque. Not expected in dealerships until spring of next year, the price hasn't been announced, but the standard pickup starts at $68,255 before options, or $68,680 in the premium Wind Chill Pearl hue. 

The 1794 celebrates one of the oldest ranches in Texas, founded by Spanish citizen and Canary Island transplant Colonel Juan Ignacio Perez de Casanova in, you guessed it, 1794, on 4,000 acres granted to him by the Spanish government. His family held onto the ranch until 2003, when they sold to Toyota. The automaker built its two-million-square-foot factory complex there which now pumps out Tundras. Toyota also donated 600 acres to the city of San Antonio, created a 30,000-square foot nature center on the land, and left some of the old ranch buildings standing.

Related Video:

Featured Gallery 2024 Toyota Tundra 1794 Limited Edition

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Bon Voyaged

18 Animals That Like To Chill In The Cold

Posted: April 27, 2024 | Last updated: April 27, 2024

Welcome to the chilly wonderland of adorable creatures! From the majestic Polar Bear to the elusive Arctic Fox, join us on a delightful journey through the icy realms where these furry and feathery friends call home. Get ready to meet some of the coolest animals that thrive in the frosty embrace of winter!

The Polar Bear is perhaps the most iconic symbol of the Arctic, well-adapted to the extreme cold with its thick layer of insulating blubber and dense fur. These apex predators are excellent swimmers and rely on sea ice to hunt seals, their primary food source. Despite the harsh conditions, Polar Bears have evolved various physiological adaptations to thrive in their icy habitat, making them superbly suited for life in the cold.

The Arctic Fox is a small, resilient creature that inhabits the Arctic tundra and survives temperatures as low as -50°C (-58°F). Its thick fur coat changes color with the seasons, providing camouflage against the snow and protection from the cold. These foxes have excellent hearing and can locate prey beneath the snow, including rodents, birds, and even fish. Despite the harsh environment, Arctic Foxes have adapted well to their frigid surroundings, making them highly adaptable and resourceful predators.

Snow Leopard

The Snow Leopard is a solitary and elusive big cat native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia, including the Himalayas. Adapted to high altitudes and cold climates, Snow Leopards have thick fur, long tails for balance, and wide, fur-covered paws for walking on snow. They primarily prey on mountain goats, sheep, and smaller mammals found in their habitat. Despite their adaptations, Snow Leopards face threats from habitat loss, poaching, and climate change, making them a vulnerable species.

The Wolverine is a muscular and robust carnivore known for its endurance and ferocity, inhabiting the boreal forests and tundra of North America, Europe, and Asia. With dense fur, powerful jaws, and retractable claws, Wolverines are well-equipped to navigate the harsh winter environments and hunt prey such as small mammals and carrion. They have large home ranges and are known for their ability to travel long distances in search of food. Despite their fierce reputation, Wolverines are elusive and are rarely seen by humans in the wild.

Emperor Penguin

The Emperor Penguin is the largest penguin species and is uniquely adapted to survive in the extreme cold of Antarctica. With a thick layer of blubber and waterproof feathers, Emperor Penguins can withstand temperatures as low as -40°C (-40°F) and dive to depths of over 500 meters (1,640 feet) in search of fish and squid. They breed during the harsh Antarctic winter, with males incubating the egg on their feet while fasting for several months. Despite the challenges, Emperor Penguins have evolved remarkable adaptations to thrive in one of the coldest environments on Earth.

Reindeer (Caribou)

Reindeer, also known as Caribou in North America, are well-adapted to cold climates, inhabiting the Arctic tundra and boreal forests of North America, Europe, and Asia. Their thick fur and specialized hooves enable them to dig through snow to find food, which includes lichens, mosses, and shrubs. Reindeer undertake long migrations, traveling hundreds of miles each year in search of food and suitable breeding grounds. They are culturally significant to indigenous peoples of the Arctic and play a crucial role in the region’s ecosystems.

The Musk Ox is a large, shaggy mammal native to the Arctic regions of North America and Greenland. Adapted to cold climates, Musk Oxen have a thick coat of long, dark hair that covers their bodies, providing insulation against the freezing temperatures. During the winter, they use their hooves to dig through snow to access vegetation beneath the surface. Musk Oxen live in herds, offering protection against predators such as wolves and bears, and their woolly undercoat, known as qiviut, is highly prized for its warmth and softness.

Arctic Hare

The Arctic Hare is a species of hare adapted to the harsh conditions of the Arctic tundra and other cold regions. Their thick fur coat changes color with the seasons, providing camouflage against predators such as Arctic Foxes and Snowy Owls. Arctic Hares are herbivores, feeding on a variety of plants and shrubs found in their habitat. They are also known for their ability to leap long distances, helping them evade predators and navigate through the snow-covered landscape.

Beluga Whale

The Beluga Whale, also known as the white whale, is a cold-water cetacean found in Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. Belugas are well-adapted to cold environments, with a thick layer of blubber providing insulation against the icy waters. They have flexible necks and can move their heads in all directions, an adaptation for navigating through sea ice. Belugas are social animals, often found in pods, and they communicate using a variety of vocalizations, earning them the nickname “sea canaries.”

The Harp Seal is a species of earless seal native to the icy waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Their thick layer of blubber and dense fur coat provide insulation against the cold waters, allowing them to thrive in sub-zero temperatures. Harp Seals migrate long distances between their breeding and feeding grounds, relying on sea ice for breeding and resting. Despite being vulnerable to climate change and hunting, Harp Seals remain an integral part of the Arctic marine ecosystem.

Arctic Wolf

The Arctic Wolf, also known as the white wolf or polar wolf, is a subspecies of gray wolf adapted to the Arctic tundra and surrounding boreal forests. With thick fur and padded feet, Arctic Wolves can withstand temperatures as low as -40°C (-40°F) and move silently across the snow-covered landscape in search of prey. They primarily hunt caribou, musk oxen, and Arctic Hares, often working together in packs to bring down larger prey. Despite their resilience, Arctic Wolves face threats from habitat loss and human encroachment on their territories.

The Snowy Owl is a large owl species native to the Arctic tundra and open prairies of North America and Eurasia. With dense feathering covering their bodies, Snowy Owls are well-insulated against the cold and can remain active even in freezing temperatures. They primarily feed on small mammals such as lemmings, voles, and rabbits, using their keen eyesight and silent flight to hunt efficiently. Snowy Owls are highly migratory birds, traveling long distances in search of food and suitable breeding grounds.

Arctic Tern

The Arctic Tern is a remarkable seabird known for its long-distance migration, traveling from its breeding grounds in the Arctic to its wintering grounds in the Antarctic and back each year. With a streamlined body and long wings, Arctic Terns are well-suited for endurance flight over vast distances. They feed on fish and other small marine organisms found in polar waters. Despite facing challenges such as climate change and habitat loss, Arctic Terns continue to undertake one of the longest migrations of any animal on Earth.

Arctic Ground Squirrel

The Arctic Ground Squirrel is a small rodent found in the tundra and alpine regions of North America and Eurasia. With a thick fur coat and a hibernation strategy, Arctic Ground Squirrels are well-adapted to survive the harsh winter conditions. They spend much of the summer gathering food and building underground burrows, where they hibernate during the long winter months. Despite their small size, Arctic Ground Squirrels play an essential role in their ecosystems as prey for larger predators and as seed dispersers.

Antarctic Krill

Antarctic Krill are small, shrimp-like crustaceans that form a vital part of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, serving as a primary food source for many species, including whales, seals, and penguins. Despite the extreme cold of their habitat, Antarctic Krill have evolved physiological adaptations to thrive in sub-zero temperatures. They form dense swarms near the surface of the ocean, where they feed on phytoplankton and other microscopic organisms. Despite their small size, Antarctic Krill play a crucial role in regulating global carbon cycles and supporting the Antarctic food web.

The Dall Sheep is a species of wild sheep native to the mountain ranges of North America, including Alaska and the Yukon. Adapted to alpine and Arctic environments, Dall Sheep have specialized hooves for navigating steep, rocky terrain and thick fur to withstand cold temperatures. They primarily feed on grasses, sedges, and shrubs found in their mountain habitats. Dall Sheep are known for their impressive curved horns, which males use in battles for dominance during the breeding season.

Ermine (Stoat)

The Ermine, also known as the Stoat or Short-tailed Weasel, is a small carnivorous mammal found in cold regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. With its thick fur coat and slender body, the Ermine is well-adapted to life in cold climates, where it hunts small mammals, birds, and insects. Its fur changes color with the seasons, from brown in the summer to white in the winter, providing camouflage against the snow. Despite their small size, Ermines are skilled hunters and play a significant role in controlling populations of rodents and other pests.

The Narwhal is a medium-sized toothed whale known for the long, spiraled tusk protruding from its head, which can grow up to 10 feet long. Narwhals inhabit the Arctic waters of Canada, Greenland, Russia, and Norway, where they feed on fish, squid, and shrimp. With a thick layer of blubber and specialized blood vessels that regulate body temperature, Narwhals are well-adapted to the cold conditions of the Arctic Ocean. They migrate seasonally, following the movements of sea ice and congregating in dense packs during the summer months.

As we bid farewell to these remarkable creatures of the cold, let’s remember the importance of protecting their icy habitats and the delicate ecosystems they inhabit. Each animal on this list has its own unique adaptations and behaviors that allow it to thrive in some of the harshest environments on Earth. By learning about and appreciating these animals, we gain a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of all life on our planet. Let’s continue to work together to preserve the beauty and biodiversity of the Arctic and Antarctic regions for generations to come. Thank you for joining us on this frosty adventure!

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Total Chaos Fabrication

’00-06 Toyota Tundra 3.5” Boxed Long Travel Kit

190 South McQueen Road Suite 109 Gilbert AZ 85233 United States

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PRODUCT OVERVIEW:

Total Chaos Fabrication 3.5" boxed long travel kit for the 2000-2006 Toyota Tundra is constructed out of 4130 chromoly and is manufactured in the U.S.A

KEY FEATURES:

• 3.5" extended 4130 chromoly tubular upper and lower control arms bolt to factory mounting locations.
• Upper ball joints are replaced with 1" uniballs for maximum travel and component strength.
• TOTAL CHAOS includes 1" I.D. uniballs that feature a heat treated stainless steel ball & heat treated stainless steel race for maximum corrosion resistance and component longevity. These uniball's also features a military grade PTFE woven fabric liner that helps prevent noise.
• TC's original tubular/plated lower control arms are designed with internal gussets and feature dual 2.5" shock capability.
• A secondary external bypass shock can be installed to increase dampening and tune-ability.
• Spring rate options offer the ability to customize your ride for your specific application allowing you to maximize tune ability and performance.
• Adjustable limit strap clevis' are included so that you can properly limit the suspensions droop wheel travel and make necessary adjustments during the life of the limit strap.
• Stainless steel DOT braided brake lines, TC custom 17-4 stainless hi-misalignment spacers and all grade 8 mounting hardware is included.
• TC 4340 custom extended axles reuse factory inner and outer CV's to retain 4wd. (axles are sold separately and not included with the kit)
• 2 stage powder coat process includes a durable clear coat to provide a long lasting finish.

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• 2.5" long travel specific coil over shocks bolt into the factory coil bucket location. Extended travel shocks are too short and will not work.
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Ch. 9 The Development of Russia

Ivan i and the rise of moscow, learning objective.

• Outline the key points that helped Moscow become so powerful and how Ivan I accomplished these major victories
• Moscow was considered a small trading outpost under the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal into the 13th century.
• Power struggles and constant raids under the Mongol Empire’s Golden Horde caused once powerful cities, such as Kiev, to struggle financially and culturally.
• Ivan I utilized the relative calm and safety of the northern city of Moscow to entice a larger population and wealth to move there.
• Alliances between Golden Horde leaders and Ivan I saved Moscow from many of the raids and destruction of other centers, like Tver.

A rival city to Moscow that eventually lost favor under the Golden Horde.

Grand Prince of Vladimir

The title given to the ruler of this northern province, where Moscow was situated.

The Rise of Moscow

Moscow was only a small trading outpost in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal in Kievan Rus’ before the invasion of Mongol forces during the 13th century. However, due to the unstable environment of the Golden Horde, and the deft leadership of Ivan I at a critical time during the 13th century, Moscow became a safe haven of prosperity during his reign. It also became the new seat of power of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Ivan I (also known as Ivan Kalita) was born around 1288 to the Prince of Moscow, Daniil Aleksandrovich. He was born during a time of devastation and upheaval in Rus’. Kiev had been overtaken by the invading Mongol forces in 1240, and most of the Rus’ principalities had been absorbed into the Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire by the time Ivan was born. He ascended to the seat of Prince of Moscow after the death of his father, and then the death of his older brother Yury.

Ivan I. He was born around 1288 and died in either 1340 or 1341, still holding the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir.

Ivan I stepped into a role that had already been expanded by his predecessors. Both his older brother and his father had captured nearby lands, including Kolomna and Mozhaisk. Yury had also made a successful alliance with the Mongol leader Uzbeg Khan and married his sister, securing more power and advantages within the hierarchy of the Golden Horde.

Ivan I continued the family tradition and petitioned the leaders of the Golden Horde to gain the seat of Grand Prince of Vladimir. His other three rivals, all princes of Tver, had previously been granted the title in prior years. However they were all subsequently deprived of the title and all three aspiring princes also eventually ended up murdered. Ivan I, on the other hand, garnered the title from Khan Muhammad Ozbeg in 1328. This new title, which he kept until his death around 1340, meant he could collect taxes from the Russian lands as a ruling prince and position his tiny city as a major player in the Vladimir region.

Moscow’s Rise

During this time of upheaval, the tiny outpost of Moscow had multiple advantages that repositioned this town and set it up for future prosperity under Ivan I. Three major contributing factors helped Ivan I relocate power to this area:

• It was situated in between other major principalities on the east and west so it was often protected from the more devastating invasions.
• This relative safety, compared to Tver and Ryazan, for example, started to bring in tax-paying citizens who wanted a safe place to build a home and earn a livelihood.
• Finally, Moscow was set up perfectly along the trade route from Novgorod to the Volga River, giving it an economic advantage from the start.

Ivan I also spurred on the growth of Moscow by actively recruiting people to move to the region. In addition, he bought the freedom of people who had been captured by the extensive Mongol raids. These recruits further bolstered the population of Moscow. Finally, he focused his attention on establishing peace and routing out thieves and raiding parties in the region, making for a safe and calm metaphorical island in a storm of unsettled political and military upsets.

Kievan Rus’ 1220-1240. This map illustrates the power dynamics at play during the 13th century shortly before Ivan I was born. Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde, sat to the southeast, while Moscow (not visible on this map) was tucked up in the northern forests of Vladimir-Suzdal.

Ivan I knew that the peace of his region depended upon keeping up an alliance with the Golden Horde, which he did faithfully. Moscow’s increased wealth during this era also allowed him to loan money to neighboring principalities. These regions then became indebted to Moscow, bolstering its political and financial position.

In addition, a few neighboring cities and villages were subsumed into Moscow during the 1320s and 1330s, including Uglich, Belozero, and Galich. These shifts slowly transformed the tiny trading outpost into a bustling city center in the northern forests of what was once Kievan Rus’.

Russian Orthodox Church and The Center of Moscow

Ivan I committed some of Moscow’s new wealth to building a splendid city center and creating an iconic religious setting. He built stone churches in the center of Moscow with his newly gained wealth. Ivan I also tempted one of the most important religious leaders in Rus’, the Orthodox Metropolitan Peter, to the city of Moscow. Before the rule of the Golden Horde the original Russian Orthodox Church was based in Kiev. After years of devastation, Metropolitan Peter transferred the seat of power to Moscow where a new Renaissance of culture was blossoming. This perfectly timed transformation of Moscow coincided with the decades of devastation in Kiev, effectively transferring power to the north once again.

Peter of Moscow and scenes from his life as depicted in a 15th-century icon. This religious leader helped bring cultural power to Moscow by moving the seat of the Russian Orthodox Church there during Ivan I’s reign.

One of the most lasting accomplishments of Ivan I was to petition the Khan based in Sarai to designate his son, who would become Simeon the Proud, as the heir to the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir. This agreement a line of succession that meant the ruling head of Moscow would almost always hold power over the principality of Vladimir, ensuring Moscow held a powerful position for decades to come.

• Boundless World History. Authored by : Boundless. Located at : https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/ . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

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Distance between Moscow and Tokyo

Flying non-stop from moscow to tokyo.

How far is Tokyo from Moscow? Here's the quick answer if you have a private jet and you can fly in the fastest possible straight line.

Flight distance: 4,661 miles or 7501 km

Flight time: 9 hours, 49 minutes

Because of the curvature of the Earth, the shortest distance is actually the "great circle" distance, or "as the crow flies" which is calculated using an iterative Vincenty formula. For a long distance, this appears as a curve on the map, and this is often the route that commercial airlines will take so it's a good estimate of the frequent flyer miles you'll accumulate as well.

This is a fairly long flight, so unless you have a Gulfstream G650 or your own Boeing or Airbus, you might be booking a commercial flight. In that case, your travel time would really need to include how many minutes to get to your local airport, wait for security, board and taxi on the runway, land at the other airport, and get to your destination. Scroll down to see a more realistic calculation that takes into account all these factors to get a more accurate estimate of your actual flight time .

Moscow to Tokyo airports and flights

In the quick calculation above, we assumed you had a private plane and just wanted to know the time in the air from city to city. But for most of us, we're going to be flying on a commercial airline (whether it's first class or coach). So that means we really need to account for all the extra travel time getting to the airport, waiting for our flight, and making it to the destination.

To give you a better estimate of real-life travel, we've put together a flight itinerary with actual airports. Eventually you'll be able to customize this plan, choosing your own airports and flights. But for now, here's an example we've selected to give you an idea of how traveling might work between airports.

Departure airport: Sheremetyevo International Airport (SVO)

Arrival airport: Tokyo Haneda Airport (HND)

With the airports selected, we can estimate the travel time to and from the airport, based on how far the airport is from downtown.

Getting to the airport: 51 minutes

Getting to your destination: 28 minutes

Now finally, let's look at an actual flight from SVO to HND and figure out how long it would take to fly including take-off and landing, and time to taxi on the runway.

Commercial flight time: 9 hours, 49 minutes

So now we can finally get an idea of the total travel time from Moscow to Tokyo including time spent getting to/from the airports, an estimated wait time of 2 hours at the airport for TSA security lines and waiting at the gate, and the actual flight itself.

Total travel time: 13 hours

Plan a trip to Tokyo

Trippy has a ton of information that can help you plan your trip to Tokyo, Japan. Start by reading the Trippy page on where to stay in Tokyo . If you're looking for a place to stay, you might want to check out The Peninsula Tokyo . A great place to eat might be Golden Gai . Trippy members can suggest things to do in Tokyo like Akihabara . Check out some of the questions people have asked about Tokyo like Exploring Tokyo solo for 3 days: Where to stay and what to do? . Click the button below to explore Tokyo in detail.

How far is it the other way?

The distance is the same either way if you're flying a straight line. But for a real trip, there can be plenty of differences so go ahead and check the reverse directions to get the distance from Tokyo to Moscow , or go to the main page to calculate the distance between cities .

If you happen to know Moscow, don't forget to help other travelers and answer some questions about Moscow!

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Trans-Siberian Railway Prices

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Ticket prices for the Trans-Siberian Railway also depend on the current ruble exchange rate.

Is the Trans-Siberian Railway expensive?

Before starting on your Trans-Siberian Railway adventure you naturally want to know what the entire trip will cost. Although this sounds like a simple question, it is pretty difficult to answer. The Trans-Siberian Railway price of travel depends on the following factors:

• Which travel class do I want to use? The price for a first class ticket is about three times the price of a 3rd class ticket
• Am I willing to buy the tickets myself and assume responsibility for the organisation of the trip?
• How many stopovers do I want to make? The more breaks, the higher the total price.
• What sort of accommodation do I want? Will it be a luxury hotel or will a hostel dormitory be sufficient?
• What tours and excursions would I like to go on?
• What is the current exchange rate for rubles?

Basically, everything from a luxury to a budget holiday is available. If you buy yourself a 3rd Class nonstop ticket at the counter, a few hundred Euros will cover the price. All you will experience is a week on the Trans-Siberian train and will see nothing of the cities on the way. There is, however, any amount of room for upward expansion. Everyone makes different choices about which aspects they are willing to spend money on. I personally prefer to save money on accommodation and railcar class, visit as many cities and do as many trips as possible. To enable better classification of your travel expenses I have contrasted two typical traveler types. In the third column you can calculate the total cost of your own journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Please keep in mind that these are only rough estimations and not exact prices.

The all-in costs seem fairly high at first. However, they cover everything and it is quite a long journey taking four weeks. Many people forget to consider that when looking at the list. We should also deduct the running costs for food and leisure at home. I think most visitors to this page will classify themselves somewhere between the two categories, that is around the € 2,000 – € 2,500 range. When comparing these prices with other travel packages, you get the impression that it is hardly worthwhile travelling individually on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Please keep in mind that most packages last no more than 14 days and you are herded like cattle through the most beautiful locations.

If you spend less time on the Trans-Siberian Railway you will, of course, pay less. I chose this particular travel length because I prefer not to do things by halves. If you fulfill your dream of travelling on the Trans-Siberian Railway, enjoy it and don’t rush things. But it’s up to you, of course. Try playing around with the form a bit to find the appropriate price for your trip.

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