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Oman Travel Guide: Ultimate 10-day Travel Itinerary

Oman is a country at the border of the United Arab Emirates. It’s a 1-hour flight from Dubai or a 9-hour flight from Amsterdam and brings you a real Arab experience. Oman has countless sand dunes, green ravines filled with palm trees, huge mountain ranges, emerald green natural pools, and a massive part of the country is located on the seaside. Read this complete Oman travel guide.

Oman is really well developed; the majority of the people speak English and are modern in their way of thinking. Infrastructure is one of the best out there, but they don’t want to be the next Dubai. The buildings that are built have the original Arab look with a modern touch. If that wasn’t convincing enough, the country is voted as one of the cleanest and safest countries in the world. This 10-day route will take you around the best highlights of Oman.

Oman Route Guide

Oman is a huge country, and to see the entire country, you will probably need 2-3 weeks. We narrowed it down to a 10-day self-driving route. This is one of the best countries to drive around yourself. The infrastructure is perfect, the people are super friendly, and petrol is affordable.

We recommend to rent a car in Oman through Sunny Cars with free cancellation and insurance included. Book your rental car here .

Day 1 – 2: Explore Muscat

Muscat is Oman’s capital city and home to many expats. It hosts the impressive Sultan Qaboos Mosque, Muttrah Souq, and the Royal Opera House.

Sultan Qaboos Mosque

The Sultan Qaboos Mosque is Oman’s most important spiritual site. This architectural masterpiece opened in 2001. It’s required for both men and women to wear long sleeve tops and long pants to the ankle. For women, bring a scarf to cover your hair.

The mosque’s entrance is free. It is open to non-muslims every day from 8 AM to 11 AM except Friday. Friday is prayers day.

Book a Muscat City Tour .

Muttrah Souq

Oman citizens are a big mix of Omani, Indian and African people. You can notice this at Muttrah souq where many shops are selling Omani and Indian items. But also everyday items you use in your kitchen.

Tip: Fridays and Saturdays are weekend days and some parts of the souq will be closed.

Read more: Best things to do in Oman

Lunch at Kargeen

The restaurant Kargeen is a small great hideout in the middle of the city. Escape from the heat of the sun and have a great lunch at this well-decorated place.

In Muscat, we stayed at the beautiful Kempinski Hotel Muscat .

Hotels in Muscat 😴

Go on a dolphin-spotting trip

Spend the morning on a boat spotting dolphins just out of Muscat. It is almost guaranteed that you will see dolphins. A morning tour should cost OMR 17 (45 USD).

Here are all your hotel options in Muscat.

Day 3 – 4: Muscat to Sur

After those first two days, drive down the perfect route towards the coastline. This is an easy 90-minute drive, all highway.

Tip: Wear or take swim clothing on this day.

Bimmah Sinkhole

After a good 90 minutes of driving, you will reach Bimmah Sinkhole. This is probably one of the most incredible natural swimming pools you will ever see. The water is a beautiful turquoise color and one of the best cooldowns during the heat of the day. The story lives that a meteor created the hole.

Find day trips to Bimmah Sinkhole

Wadi Shab meaning gorge between the cliff is a must-visit! From Bimmah Sinkhole, drive about 20 minutes to reach the parking spot.

Make sure to buy some extra water and head to the river. Pay 1 OMR to cross the river, from there it’s a 45 min walk to the swimming point. You will need about 3 – 4 hours here. Book a day trip here or find more information in the link down below.

Read more: 7 best things to do in Oman

Sur is formerly known as a trading point where the harbor did a lot of business with East Africa. Because of this, you will see a larger population of people of African ethnicity in this area.

Sur is a beautiful town surrounded by old architecture, visit the lighthouse, fort and see some of the real local life. Sur is also a good place to spend the night.

Tip: Have a good lunch at Zaki Restaurant .

Turtles nesting ground

At Ras Al Jinz, which is about 35 minutes from Sur, there is a protected turtle nesting area. You can visit the museum and join the turtle spotting tour during sunrise or after sunset. If you don’t want to drive back and forward to Sur, you can also spend the night here .

Hotels in Sur 😴

Day 5 – 6: Desert days

From Sur, follow your way to the desert and stop in between at Wadi Bani Khalid. Take a refreshing dip and drive to your desert camp in the Wahiba Sands. Most of the camps can be reached by driving a 4×4 yourself but do ask your host, they might arrange a pick-up. If you are planning to drive yourself, deflate your tires a bit at one of the local shops.

Plan to stay two nights in the desert, explore the area by car or by foot, go stargazing, and experience living between the dunes

Find all:   Desert Camps to stay

Hotels in Oman Desert 😴

Day 7 – 8: Nizwa

On day 7 you will drive the longest distance. Follow your journey to Birkat Al Mouz, one of the old villages surrounded by green banana plantations. Use around 1 hour to explore the ruins here. The drive from the desert takes about 2 hours.

From Birkat Al Mouz, drive to the historical town called Nizwa. See one of Oman’s oldest forts, Nizwa Fort, and wander around at Nizwa Souq. Read more about the fort in the link down below.

Book a Nizwa City Tour

The next morning, hop back in your car and drive to the Al Hamra region. Set course to Misfat Al Abriyeen, where you can spend the night at a homestay in a beautiful area. Make sure to be early, to fully experience the magical sunset.

Day 9 – 10: Cool down in the Mountains

One your last days, drive up to Jabal Akhdar and spend the night at 2000 meters above sea level. To drive up here you are required to have a 4×4 car. Same as Al Hamra, make sure to be there early to fully experience the sunset.

The next morning, enjoy a lovely breakfast before driving back to Muscat to catch your flight.

Getting around in Oman

Oman is probably one of the best countries to get around by yourself. Infrastructure is very, very good and fuel is cheap. To follow this 10-day Oman route guide you will need a 4×4 in the desert and up in the mountains. Renting a 4×4 costs around $950 for 10 days.

Google Maps turn-by-turn navigation doesn’t work in Oman, but on iOS, there’s another app called ‘Here we go’ which works perfectly.

Best time to visit Oman

Oman is best to visit during their winter, which runs from October until March. The temperature will be between 20 and 30 degrees. Summer temperatures go anywhere from 35 to 50 degrees.

If you’re planning to visit the mountains like Jabal Akhdar, you should plan a visit in summer when temperatures rise from 0 in winter to 30 in summer.

Food in Oman

The food in Oman is a mix of Arabian and Indian kitchens. You will mostly find delicious bread, curries, dates, and kebabs.

Oman Route Guide: Oman Visa

Getting a visa in Oman is super easy. E-visa can be requested online . It will cost you around $45 per visa, depending on the country you are from. It takes anywhere from 2 days to 1 week to receive your visa via email.

Order your Visa online here

What to wear in Oman

Oman is very modern and open in what you wear. They don’t give you a set of clothing rules once you enter the country. It is respectful to always cover up your upper body, shoulders, and wear shorts or skirts over your knees.

Again, Omani people are very modern and they will only really ask you to cover up when you are on a religious site.

Costs of traveling in Oman

Oman is not a budget travel country. Prices change depending on the kind of comfort you would like.

Costs of Traveling in Oman

Travel on a budget in Oman, from $230 − $140 USD weekly per person, mid-range $830 − $1950 USD, and high-end from $1860 − $2580 USD. However, costs depend on factors like accommodation, transportation, and activities. We did not include flights. Check flight prices here

• Hotels: $50 − $120 USD Check available hotels
• Car Rental: $65 − $140 USD Book a rental car
• Food: $20 − $60 USD
• Activities: $10 − $40 USD See tickets & tours
• Sim: $1 − $3 USD Get an eSIM or SIM here
• Travel Insurance: $2 − $6 USD Get Travel Insurance

Be advised: Drones in Oman are not allowed without a license.

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7 Best Things To Do in Oman

Renting a car in oman in 2024: all you need to know.

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Don’t just visit Oman. Experience It!

Discover the authentic oman with a carefully crafted private tour. our experts take the hassle out of your trip and you enjoy a trip of a lifetime., do you want accurate, customized, firsthand information, because we have lived in oman, we can offer you the best possible help in planning your private, oman trip. you’ll get:.

OUR TRUSTED ITINERARIES DESIGNED BY EXPERTS

Browse our sample tours below, get in touch with us, and we’ll customize a tour for you.

BEST OF OMAN – 14 DAYS –

Best of Oman is our favorite tour! See all Oman offers in culture and style. From the ancient port of Muscat, to the semi-tropic Frankincense Coast, your handpicked English-speaking driver will show you the real Oman at a comfortable pace. Just imagine sipping mint tea as you watch the sun set behind the dunes, or sharing a cruise with a pod of dolphins. This tour has it!

AUTHENTIC OMAN – 12 DAYS –

The Authentic Oman is our featured tour! From our time living in Oman we have crafted an experience that blends Oman’s natural wonders with its authentic local culture across the northern and southern regions. This tour takes you from white-sand beaches to misty mountains, from lively markets, to legendary hospitality. It’s a great overview of this beautiful country.

DISCOVER OMAN – 7 DAYS –

Discover Oman is the perfect week tour! This classic-style tour will take you to key areas around Oman’s capital city. You’ll explore the ancient city of Muscat, encounter the castles and culture of Nizwa and Jabreen, escape to Wahiba’s dune desert, and witness the ongoing wonder of nesting sea turtles at Ras Al-Jinz. This is the private trip of a lifetime!

SECRETS OF SALALAH – 7 DAYS –

Secrets of Salalah is the special week tour. Discover a land where mists carpet the hills with rolling green in the summers, where ancient mariners told stories of mysterious creatures guarding the way to rich groves of Frankincense trees, and where you can still count on famous Omani hospitality. Come experience why ancient Romans described this land as “Happy Arabia.”

MAGIC OF MUSCAT – 4 DAYS –

The Magic of Muscat is a great weekend getaway. Go deep into the culture and attractions at the ancient cities of Muscat, and Nizwa, Oman’s cultural capitol. You’ll have time to wander the white marble walkways of the Grand Mosque, and explore the meandering marketplace at Mutrah Souq. Try your hand at haggling for Bedouin jewelry, then relax in style on a sunset cruise…

Best Time to Visit OMAN

Your weather guide to pick the best season for your tour..

Season : January and February is “winter” in Oman, and is usually considered the best time to visit. The weather around Muscat can be comfortably crisp and sunny, while the temperatures down south near Salalah are pleasantly warm, with clear skies and calm seas.

Rainfall : Rain is possible in the north these months, but occurs only rarely with less than 1 inch per month and lots of sunny days in between. However, rain is almost unheard of this time of year in the south.

Availability : January and February are peak travel months! Make sure you book a few months in advance to get preferred accommodations.

Season : Apart from Spring Break, March and April are considered a shoulder season as temperatures and humidity begin to slowly climb up, and crowds diminish.

Rainfall : Rain is possible in the north, but unlikely, with just over half an inch per month. Sunny weather can be expected every day in the south.

Availability : Apart from Spring break week (in both Europe and America), this is a wonderful time to see Oman while the weather is comfortable, rooms are at a reduced price, and most sites are uncrowded.

Keep in mind : If you want to observe the rose harvest, and rosewater distillation process in Jebel Akhdar, the last few weeks of April are usually the best time to come.

Season : Oman is mostly desert, so it makes sense that the summers are warm! Up north around Muscat and Musandam, the temperatures soar well-above what most consider comfortable, humidity is high, and crowds disappear. Down south, however, summer is an entirely different experience, as mists from the sea transform the rolling hills into something more akin to Ireland than what most imagine to be Arabia. Expect lush, dripping foliage, a fair amount of mud, and amazing springs and waterfalls. Tourists from many countries come to experience the season which means festivals and other activities abound .

Rainfall : There is the chance of rainfall in May in the areas surrounding Muscat, but almost no chance of rain at all in June or July. If you’re traveling south though, expect wet weather from the end of June to about mid August.

Availability : With the sweltering heat, you can pretty much guarantee there will always be space in the hotels up north, and at the best prices you will find all year. However, over half a million travelers (mostly from Oman and  surrounding countries) descend on Salalah Jun-August each year to experience the cooler weather, and green landscape, so book early if you want to come south this season.

Keep in mind : If you choose to take advantage of the summer prices up north, be sure to practice good hydration and sun protection.

Season : September and October are considered a shoulder season as temperatures begin to slowly cool down up north, and the weather dries up down south.

Rainfall : Rain is almost unheard of this time of year across the country.

Availability : This is a wonderful time to see Oman while the weather is comfortable, rooms are at a reduced price, and most sites are uncrowded.

Keep in mind : If you want to see any of the 500 bird species spotted in Oman, October is one of the best times to see many species on migration.

Season : The weather this time of year is comfortably warm, and dry across the country, and nights can get a bit chilly in the desert, and mountains.

Rainfall : Wet weather is very unlikely, though possible, as less than half an inch per month of rain lands on Oman this time of year.

Availability : This can be a busier in time to visit Oman, especially during holidays at the end of November and December. Be sure to book early to ensure you get your preferred accommodations.

Most Popular Blog Posts

Our experts living in oman share their experience..

3 Things to Pack for Your Trip to Oman

You completed your research and decided to travel to Oman. Your flights are booked and your travel expert is finalizing your trip itinerary. Now that you have a departure date for your visit to Oman, get ready to pack.

Your 5 Top Questions About Oman Answered

Oman might be one of the travel world’s best-kept secrets. The discovery of all the beauty of Oman has brought me so much joy. Through the lens of the 5 W’s— Who, What, When, Where, Why —I collected all the basics of travel to Oman in one place for you—the future guests to my adopted home.

Is Oman safe?

From our personal experience, we have found that it is highly improbable that you will find yourself in a dangerous situation here. Moreover, according to the U.S. Department of State, Oman has never had a terrorist attack against U.S. citizens in Oman.

EXPERIENCE THE DIFFERENCE

Our secret 20 years hand-picking the best accommodations, drivers & guides., oman resources, helpful travel information and tips for a perfect trip..

• Packing Info
• What to Wear
• Food Allergies
• Plugs & Outlets

Pack travel documents and any medication you take. We suggest packing comfortable outfits that are ideal for walking around and sightseeing. You will also want to bring one or two nicer outfits for dinners out, or at your hotel. Pack comfortable walking shoes and a swimming suit. Winter specific: Bring a light jacket, long underwear, layering clothes, a scarf and warms socks for deserts and mountains. Summer specific: Bring light clothing, sunglasses and sandals.

Read our full packing list on the 3 Things to Pack for Your Trip to Oman blog post for our more detailed itemized packing recommendations.

You are visiting a land and culture where the people place great stress on modesty, particularly in the way women dress. While they are accustomed to many types of visitors, we would desire that your sensitivity and modesty would result in an enhanced level of acceptance and better communication with the people in whose land you are to be a guest.

For women, we recommend you avoid revealing or sleeveless tops. We also recommend you bring the option of loose, longer-than-the-knee pants or skirts. For men we recommend a few collared shirts and some long pants be included.

The easiest way to get local currency is to bring a bank card and withdraw cash as needed. You will be able to find Banks and ATMs in every major city. Oman is a partly cash-based society. Hotels, larger restaurants, supermarkets, and some more touristy businesses in Oman’s main tourist cities will accept major credit cards, but most smaller stores do not.

We recommend that you keep a ready supply of cash, including small change for taxi fare when desired and miscellaneous tipping on hand during your stay in Oman. If you do pay by credit card, we recommend that you double check the receipt before signing, as working in an unfamiliar currency can allow you to be charged more than you may expect, either intentionally or inadvertently.

Please let us know if you have any allergies or dietary restrictions! We will do our best to serve you and will certainly communicate your dietary needs to your driver and hotels. However, we also want you to be aware of a few things:

• We have no control over “traces” of nuts or any other allergens in containers, or bags, or kitchens.
• Oman has good food standards, but they are not the same as the United States, or European countries.
• If you have a member of your tour who has a serious condition, you may want to bring food with you based on the seriousness of the allergies.
• We also have no control over what insects you may come into contact with.

Be sure to exercise appropriate caution if you are in any circumstances that may affect your allergies.

Please let us know if you have any allergies or dietary restrictions! Here is helpful information for  vegans  and  vegetarians . We will do our best to serve you and will certainly communicate this to your driver and hotels. However, we also want you to be aware of a few things. We have no control over “traces” of nuts or any other allergens in containers, or bags, or kitchens. Morocco does not have the same food standards as the United States and other countries. If you have a member of your tour who has a serious condition, you may want to bring food with you based on the seriousness of the allergies. We also have no control over what insects you may come into contact with. If you are in any questionable circumstances, you will want to be extra careful.

There is a difference between a tour guide, and a driver in Oman.  Tour guides are licensed to give historical and cultural tours of Oman while drivers simply get you where you need to go! For our tours, however, your driver will also act as your guide throughout Oman. All our excellent drivers are licensed by the Oman Ministry of Tourism for guiding services. They act as your personal cultural ambassador and are very knowledgeable about the sights and history of the country. All of the drivers that we work with speak English, and will be able to communicate well with you. Please let us know if you need a driver to speak another language, as some options are available.

Coming to Oman during Ramadan will affect your trip. There will be less options for restaurants during lunch, as most restaurants are closed during the day. Alcohol will not be served. Shops will open up later in the day with people sleeping later after staying up to break the fast. While tourists are not expected to fast, eating and drinking in public is illegal in Oman during Ramadan. Non-Muslim guests can enjoy meals in their hotels, in certain restaurants, or out in nature away from the view of local people.  For more about how Ramadan affects your tour, read our post about  travel to Oman during Ramadan.

Oman uses the UK 3-pin electrical sockets (Type G) and outlets are 220–240 volts, so be sure to pack the necessary plug adaptors for your mobile phone, camera, laptop, or any other electronics you may travel with.

PLEASE NOTE: Travel plug adapters do not change the voltage, so the electricity coming through the adapter will still be the same 220-240 volts the socket is supplying. North American sockets supply electricity at between 110 and 120 volts, far lower than in most of the rest of the world. This being the case, North American appliances are generally built for 110-120 volts. That doesn’t mean that your specific appliance isn’t already compatible with the higher voltage or that you won’t be able to use your appliance in Oman…you will just need to make sure that your appliance will be able to facilitate 220-240 volts and that you have the appropriate adapter plug.

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From spectacular mountains, wind-blown deserts and a pristine coastline, Oman is the obvious choice for those seeking out the modern face of Arabia while still sensing its ancient soul.

Best Time to Visit

Best places to visit, attractions, must-see attractions.

Mutrah Souq

Many people come to Mutrah Corniche just to visit the souq, which retains the chaotic interest of a traditional Arab market albeit housed under modern…

Jabreen Castle

Hajar Mountains

Rising without competition from the surrounding plain, Jabreen Castle is an impressive sight. Even if you have had a surfeit of fortifications, it's worth…

Grand Mosque

Quietly imposing from the outside, this glorious piece of modern Islamic architecture was a gift to the nation from Sultan Qaboos to mark his 30th year of…

Nakhal Fort

Built on the foundations of a pre-Islamic structure, the towers and entrance of this fort were constructed during the reign of Imam Said Bin Sultan in…

Al Baleed Archaeological Park

Well-labelled and atmospherically lit at night, the ancient ruins of Al Baleed belong to the 12th-century trading port of Zafar. Frankincense was shipped…

Jebel Samhan Viewpoint

The upper plateau of Jebel Samhan suddenly ends in a vertiginous drop more than 1000 meters to the coastal plain below. Barely a ledge interrupts the…

Wadi Ghul Viewpoint

Jebel Shams

The term 'Grand Canyon of Arabia' is wholly deserved for this quintessential feature of Oman's spectacular mountain scenery. A short path leads to the…

Rustaq Fort

Two cannons mark the interior courtyard of this enormous fort – the entrance alone signals its former importance. Built on top of pre-Islamic foundations,…

Top picks from our travel experts

The top things to do in oman are out of this world.

Wadi Dawkah

This small reserve, 40km north of Salalah, protects a 5km grove of ancient frankincense trees and is listed by Unesco as part of the frankincense-related…

The site of one of the oldest souqs in the country, this extensive marketplace is dedicated mostly to fruit and vegetables, meat and fish, all of which…

Mutrah Corniche

Mutrah stretches along an attractive corniche of latticed buildings and mosques; it looks spectacular at sunset when the light casts shadows across the…

Corniche & Dhow Yards

The corniche affords a picturesque view across to the village of Ayjah. Dhows used to be led to safety by Ayjah’s three watchtowers, which mark the route…

Bait Al Radidah

Renovated but as yet closed to visitors, the attractive 17th-century fort is much photographed as it is perfectly framed against the massif of Jebel…

Built over 12 years in the 17th century by Sultan Bin Saif Al Yaruba, the first imam of the Yaruba dynasty, Nizwa Fort is famed for its distinctive 40m…

Wadi Darbat

A popular picnic site during the khareef and a great place to enjoy the jebel in any season, Wadi Darbat is a grassy plateau in the hills marked by Oman's…

Damaniyat Islands

These government-protected rocky islands, around an hour’s boat ride off the Batinah coast, are rich in marine life and make an exciting destination for…

Wadi Bani Khalid

Justly famed for its natural beauty, this wadi just north of the town of Al Kamil makes a rewarding (and well-signposted) diversion off the Muscat–Sur…

After many years of restoration, Bahla Fort, one of the largest in Oman, makes a grand sight looming over the sprawling modern settlement of Bahla. Built…

Bahla Potteries

All over Oman, terracotta pots with simple ribbed motifs decorate the entrances to smart villas and hotels. The potteries where these beloved vessels are…

Ras Al Jinz Beach

Between 8am and 1.30pm it's possible to enjoy the magical bay (the OR1 fee is payable at the Ras Al Jinz Reserve visitors centre) without an escort…

Jebel Shams Resort

Offering cosy stone cabins with bathrooms, verandas and heaters, plus some Arab tents popular with Omanis at weekends, this camp is so close to the canyon…

Wadi Bani Khalid Pools

Most people visiting Wadi Bani Khalid head for the springs that collect in a series of deep pools in the narrow end of the wadi. The pools have been…

Oman’s most spectacular bay ends in a set of sheer cliffs that reaches towards the Yemeni border. Immediately below the start of these cliffs the rock…

Balcony Walk

The most popular of several well-established routes on Jebel Shams, this 5km hike (in each direction) requires some nerve because of the 1000m drops but…

Planning Tools

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Best Things to Do

Oman is the third-largest country in the Arabian Peninsula, famed for its long coastline, high mountains and rugged canyons. Here are the top things to do.

Things to Know

Travelers to Oman will appreciate this for practical advice on social etiquette, safety, weather, cultural practices and more.

Transportation

Visitors can enjoy travel between and among the stunning landscapes of Oman by plane, boat and car. Here’s our guide to getting around the country.

Visa Requirements

Wondering if you need a visa to go to Oman? Here’s the lowdown on the latest visa rules to get you into this desert sultanate with the minimum of fuss.

Money and Costs

With some planning – and our expert guide – it’s not a challenge to enjoy the natural beauty and hospitality of Oman on a limited budget.

Best Road Trips

From coastal drives past fishing villages and white sand beaches to journeys to see historic forts, these are the best road trips in Oman.

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Oman Tours & Vacations

Less affluent than many of its oil-rich and decidedly showy neighbors, Oman’s modern development has been comparatively slow-paced with a laidback affability the country’s pay-off.

Crumbling Portuguese forts and tranquil fishing villages line the coast’s secluded shorelines, magnificent desert dunes and oases mottle the interior and traditionally garbed Bedouins can be spied drifting through the spice-filled souqs. Best of all, with their chunk of the Arabian Gulf having long served as a stopover point to centuries of merchant traders and explorers, the Omanis make for consummate hosts, ever keen to show off their country’s wares.

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Oman at a glance

Capital city.

Oman (population 1.6million)

4.52 million

(GMT+04:00) Abu Dhabi, Muscat

CALLING CODE

Electricity.

Type C (European 2-pin) Type G (Irish/British 3-pin)

Learn more about Oman

Best time to visit oman.

When it comes to the country’s weather, Oman is often divided into two regions – north and south – to account for two very different climates. Mid October to mid-March, when the weather is pleasantly warm, the mountain scenery clear and the rains light, is the best time to visit the more crowd-drawing north. Throughout the remainder of the year, the heat and humidity can be really quite oppressive – particularly along the coast. This being said, southern Oman receives some respite during the khareef (the monsoon that lasts from mid-May to mid-August) that transforms Dhofar (the local name for the south) into a stunning plot of greenery.

History and government

Early history.

Oman’s colossal history (archaeological evidence suggests that parts of the country have been inhabited since the Stone Age) tracks from eras of remarkable prosperity and regional influence to self-imposed isolation, civil strife, foreign occupation and pretty much everything in between.  From as far back as 5000 BC, the land amassed great wealth due to its trade in frankincense, myrrh and, later on, copper. With this wealth, however, came foreign interest, and between the 6th century BC and the 7th century AD the country fell under the control of three Persian dynasties – the Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanids – before becoming totally enamored with Islam. Introduced by Amr ibn al-As, a disciple of the Prophet Mohammed, the faith flourished under the Bani Nabhan dynasty for 500 years.

Recent History

At the beginning of the 16th century, keen to exploit the disunity that had spread through the country and expand their own trade routes, the Portuguese arrived. Largely content with commanding coastal sentry points and building forts (many of which still stand), they made few ventures into the interior and, as a result, were eventually ousted by conspiring inland tribes. Oman then challenged the Portuguese in East Africa and West Asia and gained numerous coastal forts and a foothold in the lucrative slave and spice trades. This allowed Oman to rebuild its wealth to great success. The Al Said dynasty assumed power in 1749 and, despite centuries of interfamilial squabbling, still holds it today.  In July 1970, having ousted his father from power in a bloodless coup, Qaboos bin Said al Said dismissed the conservative isolationist policies that had characterized his father’s rule and set the country on course for modernization and economic reform. Oman’s society has since found a balance of having a deep respect for tradition, a practical regard for technological progress and enviable health care and education systems.

Top 5 Omani souvenirs

Like the rest of the Arabian Gulf, coffee drinking is an integral part of everyday life in Oman. Notably thicker and spicier than the typical western blend, this refreshment is always offered to guests upon arrival and customarily served in graceful, long-bodied pots called dallahs. Traditionally fashioned from silver in Nizwa, bronze models are more standard these days, though no less elegant. Some really old dallahs also contain small pebbles inside the lid, which both announce the boiling of water and alert company to anyone lifting the lid to add poison! Bring back one of these as the perfect kitchen addition for those who regularly suspect their friends of plotting to kill them.

Ever had dinner guests who have stayed on long after you want to go to bed? If so, you may also like to acquire yourself an Omani incense burner – or majmar. Ornately carved silver orbs used primarily for burning frankincense, a majmar is produced when the final round of coffee has been served and – rather unsubtly – wafted around a guest’s body to signal that their departure is desired. Think of it as the equivalent of yawning loudly and saying: ‘so, should I call you a cab then?’

3. Khanjars

In times past, when it was forbidden for Omani men to wear jewelry, the shrewd among them got around this by taking to having their weaponry decorated. The result is khanjar, the curved silver daggers that now stand as the nation’s most iconic emblem. Featured on both the national flag and the one rial note, khanjars are these days mostly worn at symbolic occasions. Unsheathing it does still signify that you are seeking revenge or would like to assassinate somebody however - so don’t just whip it out to spread the garlic sauce more evenly across your kebab.

4. Henna tattoo

Henna tattooing is common among Omani women and can make for some very beautiful – and temporary – bodily decoration. The designs generally fade after five days or so, though make sure you go to a reputable artist who uses a traditional henna recipe. Some modern hennas have had chemicals and dyes added to hasten the drying process, which can result in stinging, scarring and even health risks. Be particularly wary of black henna.

5. Frankincense

If it was a good enough gift for baby Jesus, it should be good enough for Aunt Mildred.

Further reading

Oman travel faqs, do i need a covid-19 vaccine to join an intrepid trip.

Trips from 1 January 2023 onwards

From 1 January 2023, Intrepid will no longer require travelers to provide proof of vaccination against COVID-19 (excluding all Polar trips and select adventure cruises).

However, we continue to strongly recommend that all Intrepid travelers and leaders get vaccinated to protect themselves and others.

Specific proof of testing or vaccination may still be required by your destination or airline. Please ensure you check travel and entry requirements carefully.

Is tipping customary in Oman?

Many restaurants will add a service charge, though tipping beyond that is rarely expected. For exceptional service however, a 5% gratuity will be favourably received.

What is the internet access like in Oman?

Major Omani cities tend to have a handful of internet cafes, and Wi-Fi is becoming available in many cafes and public places.

Can I use my cell phone while in Oman?

Cell roaming connections are in place with many international phone companies, though coverage isn’t all that reliable in rural areas.

What are the toilets like in Oman?

Squat toilets are the norm throughout Oman, though Western-style toilets can often also be found in shopping centres, hotels and restaurants. Toilet paper is rarely provided, however, so keep your own supply handy. Hand sanitizer is also a good idea, as soap won’t always be at the sink.

What will it cost for a...?

Can of coke = USD 0.50 Cappuccino = USD 3.50 Meal at an inexpensive restaurant = USD 4 Meal for two at a mid-range restaurant = USD 23

Can I drink the water in Oman?

The tap water in Oman (desalinated) is considered safe to drink, though bottled water is safer. If you don’t like the idea of drinking the tap water, we’d advise bringing water purification tablets or asking your leader where filtered water can be found so as to cut down on unnecessary landfill.

Are credit cards accepted widely in Oman?

The major credit card brands are commonly accepted in substantial hotels and restaurants.

Do I need to purchase travel insurance before traveling?

Absolutely. All passengers traveling with Intrepid are required to purchase travel insurance before the start of their trip. Your travel insurance details will be recorded by your leader on the first day of the trip. Due to the varying nature, availability and cost of health care around the world, travel insurance is very much an essential and necessary part of every journey.

For more information on insurance, please go to: Travel Insurance

What is ATM access like in Oman?

ATMs are plentiful in Oman and most are connected to the big international brands.

What public holidays are celebrated in Oman?

• 1 Jan New Year's Day
• Lailat al Miraj (Night of Ascension)*
• Eid al-Fitr / End of Ramadan*
• Eid al-Adha/ Feast of Sacrifice*
• Islamic New Year*
• 23 July Renaissance Day
• Milad un Nabi (Birth of the Prophet Muhammad)*
• 18 Nov National Day
• 18 Nov Birthday of HM Sultan Qaboos

*Please note these dates may vary. For a current list of public holidays in Oman go to World Travel Guide's website.

How do I stay safe and healthy while traveling?

From Australia?

Go to: Smart Traveller

From Canada?

Go to:  Canada Travel Information

From the UK?

Go to:  UK Foreign Travel Advice

From New Zealand?

Go to:  Safe Travel

From the US?

Go to:  US Department of State

The World Health Organisation also provides useful health information.

Does my trip support The Intrepid Foundation?

Yes, all Intrepid trips support the Intrepid Foundation. Trips to this country directly support our global Intrepid Foundation partners, Eden Reforestation Projects and World Bicycle Relief. Intrepid will double the impact by dollar-matching all post-trip donations made to The Intrepid Foundation.

Eden Reforestation Projects

Eden Reforestation Projects are helping to mitigate climate change by restoring forests worldwide; they also hire locally and create job opportunities within vulnerable communities. Donations from our trips support restoration across planting sites in 10 countries around the globe. Find out more or make a donation World Bicycle Relief

World Bicycle Relief provides people in low-income communities with bicycles to mobilize school kids, health workers, and farmers in far-out areas – giving them access to vital education, healthcare, and income. Donations help provide Buffalo Bicycles – specifically designed to withstand the rugged terrain and harsh environment of rural regions – to those who need them most. Find out more or make a donation

• Middle East
• Visiting Omans Empty Quarter Everything...

Visiting Oman's Empty Quarter: Everything You Need to Know

The Arab world is known for its wide deserts, especially the Rub’ Al Khali (the Empty Quarter), with its golden sands. Here is everything you need to know about the famous Rub’ Al Khali Desert for your next visit to Oman.

What is the empty quarter.

The Empty Quarter is the English name for the Rub’ Al Khali desert, located in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is the largest continuous sand sea in the world, with an area of 650,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq mi), and 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long and 500 kilometres (310 mi) wide. The Al Rub’ Al Khali desert is shared by four countries: Saudi Arabia, Yemen, the United Arab Emirates and Oman.

The surface of the desert is covered by reddish-orange colored sand dunes, which reach around 250 metres (820 ft) high, and several lake beds. It is believed that the lake beds were originally shallow lakes formed by monsoon rains thousands of years ago, and only lasted for a few years.

Al Rub’ Al Khali, as one of the most significant sand seas in the world, has been featured in several international films, such as Star Wars: The Force Awakens , The Matrix, The Panther and many others.

How to get to the Empty Quarter

The Empty Quarter is located in the Governorate of Dhofar in southern Oman, so it is better to fly to Oman through Salalah International Airport. Tourists can also fly to Muscat International Airport, but from there will need either to fly or drive to Salalah by car or bus.

Several companies provide tours and guides to visit the magnificent sandy desert, such as Al Fawaz Tours , Safaridrive.com , Original Travel , Light Foot Travel , and Oman Day Tours . Tours include one-day trips through the desert with a skilled Bedouin guide, 4×4 driving and camping under the bright stars.

Activities in the Empty Quarter

Visitors can enjoy a 4×4 drive in the desert or a camel ride, or camp out on the dunes. One of the best experiences in the Empty Quarter is to spend some time with the Bedouins of the desert. Visitors can enjoy listening to old stories about Oman, its culture and the desert. They will be introduced to the lifestyle, homes, and food of the Bedouin people.

Best places to stay and eat in the Empty Quarter

Due to the harsh environment of the Empty Quarter, there are no touristy places or facilities such as hotels. However, tourists are encouraged to spend a night or two camping on the stunning dunes, under the clear sky and the bright stars of Dhofar. Tour companies have camps with tents.

As for food, most companies have local Bedouins cook traditional Omani food for visitors. Other companies prepare their own food.

Weather in the Empty Quarter

The region is classified as “hyper-arid”, which means that it lacks water for the growth of plants or survival of animals. Rainfall is less than 3 cm (1.2 in) every year. The daily temperatures are between 47 °C (117 °F) and 51 °C (124 °F).

The people of the Empty Quarter

Despite the severe environment of the Al Rub’ Al Khali desert, several tribes from the Arabian Peninsula have managed to establish life on its sands. Most tribes that live there do so close to the edge of the desert. Few roads exist to help settlers find water spots and oil production centers.

Tips to follow before you visit the Empty Quarter

Bring light clothes, big hats, high-quality sunglasses and a jacket and sweater for the cold nights. Due to the conservative nature of Omani culture and the Bedouins, don’t bring short clothes or swimwear that is very revealing.

Since you are here, we would like to share our vision for the future of travel - and the direction Culture Trip is moving in.

Culture Trip launched in 2011 with a simple yet passionate mission: to inspire people to go beyond their boundaries and experience what makes a place, its people and its culture special and meaningful — and this is still in our DNA today. We are proud that, for more than a decade, millions like you have trusted our award-winning recommendations by people who deeply understand what makes certain places and communities so special.

Increasingly we believe the world needs more meaningful, real-life connections between curious travellers keen to explore the world in a more responsible way. That is why we have intensively curated a collection of premium small-group trips as an invitation to meet and connect with new, like-minded people for once-in-a-lifetime experiences in three categories: Culture Trips, Rail Trips and Private Trips. Our Trips are suitable for both solo travelers, couples and friends who want to explore the world together.

Culture Trips are deeply immersive 5 to 16 days itineraries, that combine authentic local experiences, exciting activities and 4-5* accommodation to look forward to at the end of each day. Our Rail Trips are our most planet-friendly itineraries that invite you to take the scenic route, relax whilst getting under the skin of a destination. Our Private Trips are fully tailored itineraries, curated by our Travel Experts specifically for you, your friends or your family.

We know that many of you worry about the environmental impact of travel and are looking for ways of expanding horizons in ways that do minimal harm - and may even bring benefits. We are committed to go as far as possible in curating our trips with care for the planet. That is why all of our trips are flightless in destination, fully carbon offset - and we have ambitious plans to be net zero in the very near future.

See & Do

What's so secret about oman's 'forbidden city', sur al lawatia.

Under the Desert Sky: Wild Camping in Oman

Atlantis of the Sands: The Myth and Rediscovery of the Ancient City of Shisr

Guides & Tips

How to navigate transport in oman.

The Best Weekend Getaways From Muscat, Oman

Architecture

Understanding oman through its architecture.

The Most Historic Forts and Castles in Oman

The Ancient Tradition of Bullfighting in Oman

Al Hoota: Inside Oman’s Stunning Two Million Year-Old Cave

Places to Stay

The best hotels to experience oman.

Exploring the Lost Villages of Oman

Why You Shouldn't Miss Oman’s Ad Dakhiliyah Province

Culture trip spring sale, save up to $1,100 on our unique small-group trips limited spots..

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Update April 12, 2024

Information for u.s. citizens in the middle east.

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Before You Go

Learn About Your Destination

While Abroad

Emergencies

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Travel Advisory July 13, 2023

Oman - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise increased caution due to  terrorism  and  armed conflict . Some areas have increased risk.  Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Do not travel to:

• The Yemen border area due to  terrorism  and  armed conflict .

Country Summary : Due to risks to civil aviation operating within the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman region, including Oman, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued an advisory Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) and/or a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR). For more information U.S. citizens should consult the  Federal Aviation Administration’s Prohibitions, Restrictions and Notices .

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Oman.

If you decide to travel to Oman:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Oman.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel.
• U.S. citizens who travel abroad should always have a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Yemen Border Area

Terrorist attacks and violence continue in Yemen. Crossing the border into Yemen can be dangerous, and U.S. citizens who attempt to cross the Oman-Yemen border, from either Oman or Yemen, may be detained by Omani authorities.

Visit our website for  High-Risk Travelers .

Embassy Messages

View Alerts and Messages Archive

Quick Facts

1 page per entry stamp

Yellow fever (when coming from an area with yellow fever outbreaks)

Amounts over 20,000 USD must be declared

Embassies and Consulates

U.S. Embassy Muscat

Jamiat A'Duwal Al Arabiya Street, Al Khuwair Area (Shatti Al-Qurum), Muscat Oman Telephone: +(968) 2464-3400 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(968) 2464-3400 Fax: +(968) 2464-3535 Email:  [email protected]

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

COVID-19 Requirements: There are no COVID-related entry requirements for U.S. citizens.

Please visit the  Embassy of Oman website  for the most current visa information.

Requirements for Entry:

• Passport valid for at least six months

Tourist Visas: 

• U.S. citizens should apply for tourist visas in advance via the  Royal Oman Police E-Visa website . Tourist visas are also available upon arrival at airports and land crossings.
• Visas are issued at Mazoonah and Sarfait (Oman-Yemen land borders) on a case-by-case basis.
• The current list of visa types and a schedule of fees are available at the  Royal Oman Police website .
• Have proof of adequate funds and an onward/return ticket.

Penalties for expired passports or visas include fines and/or imprisonment.

Avoid Travel to Yemen:  We strongly advise U.S. citizens against travel to Yemen. Crossing the Yemen-Oman border can be dangerous, and U.S. citizens who do so are routinely detained by Omani authorities. The Department of State and U.S. embassies abroad will not facilitate entry of U.S. citizens into Yemen. See Our  Travel Advisory for Yemen  for further information.

Oman does not recognize dual nationality. Omani authorities may confiscate your U.S. passport if you have Oman/U.S. dual nationality. Should this happen, contact the U.S. Embassy. This does not constitute loss of U.S. citizenship.

Children of Omani fathers automatically acquire Omani citizenship at birth and must enter and exit Oman on their Omani passports.

Omani/U.S. dual nationals are subject to all Omani laws, including those placing special obligations on citizens of Oman.

Expect considerable delays if your U.S. passport is lost or stolen. The Royal Oman Police require entry verification upon departure. If your passport containing your entry stamp is lost or stolen, a police report may be required to exit Oman using a replacement passport. For further details, see the  Royal Oman Police website .

Yellow fever vaccinations are required if you are coming from a country with yellow fever outbreaks.

Some HIV/AIDS entry restrictions exist for visitors and foreign residents of Oman. HIV/AIDS testing is required upon arrival for people on work or immigrant visas. Oman does not accept U.S. HIV/AIDS testing. Verify this information with the  Embassy of Oman  before traveling.

Customs Regulations:

• Pornographic materials and firearms are prohibited.
• Muslim travelers are forbidden to bring in alcohol. Oman does not require visitors to identify with a religion.
• Non-Muslim travelers can bring in two bottles of alcohol bought at a duty-free shop.

Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction  and  customs regulations  on our websites.

Safety and Security

Terrorism:  Terrorist groups and those inspired by such organizations are intent on attacking U.S. citizens abroad.  Terrorists are increasingly using less sophisticated methods of attack – including knives, firearms, and vehicles – to more effectively target crowds.  Frequently, their aim is unprotected or vulnerable targets, such as: 

• High-profile public events (sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.) 
• Hotels, clubs, and restaurants frequented by tourists 
• Places of worship 
• Schools 
• Parks 
• Shopping malls and markets 
• Public transportation systems (including subways, buses, trains, and scheduled commercial flights)  

For more information, see our Terrorism page. 

MARAD Report:  According to the United States Maritime Administration (MARAD), U.S. flag vessels in the Gulf of Oman, North Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and the Bab el Mandeb regions face an elevated risk of attacks by violent extremists.

U.S. flag vessels should report suspicious activity to:

• COMUSNAVCENT battle watch captain at 011-973-1785-3879
• U.S. Coast Guard National Response Center at 1-800-424-8802 (toll-free), 202-267-2675, or 202-267-4477 (TDD).

Crime : There is minimal street crime in Oman, and violent crime is rare.

See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for information on scams.

Victims of Crime:  U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy for assistance. Report crimes to the local police at 9999.  Emergency hotlines are mostly Arabic-speaking.  The U.S. Embassy has received reports from U.S. citizens who were unable to receive assistance due to language barriers.  Contact the U.S. Embassy at +968 2464-3400.  Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.

See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• Help you find appropriate medical care
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• Provide general information regarding the victim’s role during the local investigation and following its conclusion 
• Provide a list of local attorneys
• Provide information on  victim’s compensation programs in the United States
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home
• Replace a stolen or lost passport

Domestic Violence:  U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy for assistance.  The law in Oman does not specifically address domestic violence.  However, charges may be brought under other statutes.  Victims of domestic violence may file a complaint with the police, and reports indicate that police respond promptly and professionally.  The government operates a domestic violence hotline and a shelter for victims.

For additional information please see Oman’s Penal Code and our Human Rights Report for Oman .

Dial 1100 to reach the government-operated domestic violence hotline.

Tourism : The tourism industry is generally well-regulated and rules with regard to best practices and safety inspections are regularly enforced. Hazardous areas/activities are identified with appropriate signage, and professional staff is typically on hand in support of organized activities. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is widely available throughout the country. Outside of a major metropolitan center, it may take more time for first responders and medical professionals to stabilize a patient and provide life-saving assistance. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties:  You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned.  Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities, prior to practicing or operating a business.

Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the U.S., regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice website.

Arrest Notification : If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. Omani authorities typically do not permit foreigners accused of crimes to leave the country while cases are open.

See our  webpage  for further information.

Carry your passport at all times, or you could be detained.

It is illegal to photograph certain buildings.

Alcohol and Drugs:  You may be arrested for possession of alcohol or driving under the influence. Drinking is permitted in some international hotels, bars, homes, and some restaurants.

Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs include lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines.  Some prescription medications, such as narcotics, available in the United States may be illegal in Oman.  Travelers should check the Oman Ministry of Health’s Medications and Travel webpage before importing prescription medications.

Motor Vehicle Violations:  Traffic laws are strictly enforced and carry heavy penalties. Remote traffic cameras are extensively used to monitor speeding and stop light infractions.

Immigration officials, airports and other ports of entry and exit have ready access to information on traffic offenses, and violators cannot depart Oman unless all fines have been paid in full.

Personal Defamation Charges:

• Using vulgar language or hand gestures can lead to personal defamation charges. 
• An accusation alone, regardless of who files it, can initiate a legal process.
• U.S. citizens can usually resolve these cases with a formal apology and payment of damages to the aggrieved party.

Cultural Heritage Items:  To avoid prosecution, check first with Omani authorities before taking “cultural heritage items” such as archaeological artifacts, meteorites, or stones. 

Notary Services:  All foreign public documents (Birth, Marriage, Death, Divorce, academic records, etc.) need to be apostilled for use in Oman. The U.S. Embassy in Oman cannot apostille any documents issued in the U.S. See  our website  for designated authorities in the United States. That can issue an apostille.

Employment in Oman:  Although a common practice, it is illegal for Omani employers to retain your passport. Such retention could grant undue leverage to your employer in case of a dispute. U.S. passports are the property of the U.S. government.

The U.S. Embassy cannot intervene in labor disputes. At the beginning of any employment, obtain a contract that clearly states the terms of employment. Try to resolve disputes privately with your employer. If this fails, consult our  list of lawyers .

Dress Code : Be sensitive to Islamic culture and do not wear sleeveless shirts, halter-tops, or shorts. Only wear athletic clothing in public when engaged in sports activities.

Currency : U.S. bills printed before 2006 are often not accepted. Local currency is easily available from ATMs or currency exchange counters.

Faith-Based Travelers:  See our following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report  – see country reports
• Human Rights Report – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTQI+ Travelers:  Consensual same-sex sexual conduct is illegal and subject to a jail term of six months to three years. See our  LGBTQI+ Travel Information page  and section 6 of our  Human Rights report  for further details.

Travelers with Disabilities:  The law in Oman prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, intellectual, or mental disabilities   Expect accessibility to be limited in older buildings (including government buildings and schools), public transportation, and general infrastructure, and more common in newer medical facilities and public buildings in cities. Outside of urban areas, access is greatly reduced.  Handicapped parking spaces are scarce.

Omanis will generally try to accommodate reasonable requests for assistance.

Students : See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers:   See our travel tips for  Women Travelers . 

COVID-19 Testing:   For general PCR testing and exiting Oman, various health clinics in Oman offer PCR tests with results within 72 hours as well as 24-hour and 3–6-hour options.  PCR tests are at the expense of the individual/traveler.  Prices vary by clinic and range from 20 – 40 OMR; surcharges often apply for expedited result processing within 24 hours or less.  Drive up testing, walk-in tests, and tests by appointment are all available in Oman.  Test result delivery varies by clinic: e-mail, text, and physical message are commonly used to communicate results.

COVID-19 Vaccines:   The COVID-19 vaccine is available for U.S. citizens to receive in Oman. Please refer to the  Omani Ministry of Health  for additional information on vaccination registration.

Visit the FDA's website to learn more about FDA-approved vaccines in the United States.

For emergency services in Oman, dial 9999.  Emergency hotlines are mostly Arabic-speaking.  The U.S. Embassy has received reports from U.S. citizens who were unable to receive assistance due to language barriers.

Response times for ambulance services vary.  Injured or seriously ill travelers should take a taxi or private vehicle to the nearest major hospital rather than wait for an ambulance.

Modern medical facilities and Western-style pharmacies are available. Local medical treatment varies from average to inadequate, depending on location.

Hospital emergency treatment is available.

We do not pay medical bills.  Be aware that U.S. Medicare/Medicaid does not apply overseas.  Most hospitals and doctors overseas do not accept U.S. health insurance.

Medical Insurance:  Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. See  our webpage  for more information on insurance overseas.  Visit the  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.

We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation.

Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. Check with the Government of Oman to ensure the medication is legal in Oman.

Vaccinations : Be up-to-date on all  vaccinations  recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Air Quality:  Visit  AirNow Department of State  for information on air quality at U.S. Embassies and Consulates.

The U.S. Embassy maintains a  list of doctors and hospitals .  We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic.

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions:  Road conditions in cities and along major highways are good. Road conditions in rural areas range from good to poor. During rare instances of rain, roads are prone to flash flooding.

Travel between cities can be dangerous due to poor lighting, wandering livestock, and speeding drivers.

Public Transportation:  Public transportation is generally safe, although vehicles may swerve to pick up passengers without warning.

Traffic Violations:

The following traffic violations may result in jail sentences, fines, and/or deportation:

• driving without a license
• running a red light
• driving under the influence of alcohol
• failure to wear a seat belt
• talking on cell phones while driving (hands-free technology is allowed)
• excessive speeding or overtaking another vehicle
• failure to maintain a clean car

When involved in a traffic violation, cooperate with police officers and do not attempt to negotiate payment.

If you are involved in a traffic accident that involves injuries, death, or material damage to vehicles, do not move your vehicle until the police give you permission. Moving your car may be interpreted as an admission of guilt. For minor traffic accidents with no damage or injuries, you may move your vehicle to the side of the road.

Traffic Guidelines:

• Traffic circles are common. The driver already in the circle always has priority.
• Drivers flashing high beams are signaling that they want to pass.
• Do not turn right on a red traffic signal.

Driving License Requirements:

• Short-term visitors with a U.S. driver’s license may drive rental vehicles, but not privately registered cars.
• Residents must have an Omani driver's license.
• To obtain an Omani license, you must take a vision test and either have a U.S. license (with proof of being licensed for at least two years) or take a driving test.

Car Insurance:

• Insure rental cars against death, injury, and loss or damage.

Residents may insure their vehicles outside the Sultanate; however, third party liability insurance must be purchased locally.  For all traffic-related emergencies, call the Royal Oman Police at 9999. Have an Arabic speaker call when giving directions to a location, since English-speaking operators are not always available.

See our  Road Safety page  or the  Royal Oman Police website  for further information.

Aviation Safety Oversight:  As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in Oman, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the Government of Oman’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards. See the  FAA’s safety assessment page  for further information.

Maritime Travel:  Mariners planning travel to Oman should also check for  U.S. maritime advisories and alerts . Information may also be posted to the U.S. Coast Guard homeport website  and the  NGA broadcast warnings .

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in Oman . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA ) report.

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One of the most enjoyable weekends I have spent and it was not just because of the beauty of Oman´s beaches, dunes and wadi but also because of perfect job...

Amid the ever-changing states of the Arabian Gulf, Oman offers a refreshing reminder of a seemingly bygone age. Overdevelopment has yet to blight its most spectacular landscapes and cultural traditions remain remarkably undiluted, making the sultanate one of the best places in the Gulf to experience traditional Arabia.

Where to go in Oman

Tailor-made travel itineraries for oman, created by local experts.

7 days  / from 1450 USD

Omani Road Trip

Take a road trip through the Mars-like terrain of the Arabian Peninsula, marvel at Muscat's Grand Mosque, get hands on Ras Al Jinz Turtle Reserve, experience imposing desert forts, all on this unique trip! Experience the magic of Oman with a self-drive trip through this stunning and varied country.

6 days  / from 1595 USD

The Great Outdoors of Oman

Immerse yourself in the natural wonders of Oman’s great outdoors: sleep under starry skies in the middle of the desert just as the native Bedouins do, hike around the crater of the Grand Canyon, watching as the light changes on the Jebel Shams Mountains, and swim in the Wadi Oasis.

5 days  / from 819 USD

Classic Oman

Few countries in the world can match Oman's geographical diversity, which boasts palm-fringed white sand beaches, verdant mountains, rolling golden sand dunes and turquoise-watered wadis (water-filled ravines). Experience them all with this unique trip.

Quiet stretches of coast are shaded with nodding palm trees and dotted with fishing boats. Mudbrick villages nestle amid sprawling date plantations or cling to the sides of remote valleys. Craggy chains of towering mountains are scored with precipitous canyons and rocky wadis, while the wind-blown dunes and gravel plains of the great inland deserts stretch away into the distance.

Of course, it’s not all savagely beautiful, sparsely populated landscapes. Oman has embraced the modern world, and in parts of the country the contemporary is very much in evidence, particularly in the low-key glitter and bustle of the capital, Muscat, and in the burgeoning cities of Salalah and Sohar.

Despite the trappings of modernity, however, much of the rest of the country retains a powerful sense of place and past. Busy souks continue to resound with the clamour of shoppers bargaining over frankincense, jewellery and food. Venerable forts and crumbling watchtowers still stand sentinel over towns they once protected, goats wander past huddles of ochre-coloured houses, and the white-robed Omanis themselves saunter quietly amid the palms.

Most visitors begin in Muscat , the nation’s sprawling modern capital. Much of the city now comprises a largely featureless suburban sprawl, though engaging reminders of times past persist in the lively commercial district of Muttrah and the historic quarter of Old Muscat, site of the sultan’s palace and a pair of hoary old Portuguese forts. The city also boasts an alluring selection of upmarket hotels – including some of the Gulf’s most memorably opulent Arabian-style establishments – with fabulously ornate decor, marvellous beaches, and a selection of the country’s finest restaurants and bars.

Inland from Muscat rise the spectacular mountains of the Western Hajar, centred on the beguiling regional capital of Nizwa , Oman’s most historic and personable town. Nizwa also provides a convenient base from which to explore the myriad attractions of the surrounding mountains, including the mighty Jebel Shams (the highest peak in Oman), the spectacular traditional villages of the Saiq Plateau and the exhilarating off-road drive down the vertiginous Wadi Bani Awf. Other highlights include the lovely traditional mudbrick town of Al Hamra and the even more picture-perfect village of Misfat al Abryeen. Slightly further afield lie two of the country’s most absorbing forts: monumental Bahla, the largest in Oman, and the more intimate Jabrin, whose perfectly preserved interiors offer a fascinating insight into life in old Oman.

North of Muscat in the shadow of the Western Hajar lies the coastal region of Al Batinah, fringed with a long swathe of sleepy, palm-fringed beaches. A series of low-key towns dots the coast, including lively Seeb, sleepier Barka (home to a couple more interesting forts) and sprawling Sohar, one of the country’s oldest cities, although few physical reminders of its long and illustrious past survive. The main attraction in Al Batinah is the day-long drive around the so-called Rustaq Loop, which winds inland in the shadow of the mountains via the majestic forts of Nakhal, Rustaq and Al Hazm, and provides access to some of Oman’s most beautiful wadis – including Wadi Abyad, Wadi Bani Kharous and Wadi Bani Auf – en route.

At the far northern end of Oman (and separated from the rest of the country by a wide swathe of UAE territory) lies the Musandam Peninsula . This is where you’ll find some of the sultanate’s most dramatic landscapes, with the Hajar mountains tumbling down into the ultramarine waters of the Arabian Gulf, creating a spectacular sequence of steep-sided khors (fjords), best seen during a leisurely dhow cruise. Most visitors base themselves in the modest regional capital of Khasab, which also provides a good base for forays up into the magnificent interior, centred on the craggy heights of the Jebel Harim.

South of Muscat lies Sharqiya region, providing a beguiling microcosm of Oman, with historic forts, dramatic mountain canyons, rolling dunes and turtle-nesting beaches. The still largely unspoiled coastline is a major draw, thanks to its generous swathes of pristine sand, the historic town of Sur and the turtle-watching beach at Ras al Jinz. Inland, Sharqiya is centred on the rugged Eastern Hajar mountains, cut through by some of the country’s most scenic wadis. On the far side of the mountains, most visitors head for the magnificent dunes of the Wahiba Sands, while it’s also worth visiting the old-fashioned towns of Ibra and Jalan Bani Bu Ali nearby, home to some of the country’s finest traditional mudbrick architecture.

Tucked away in the far southwestern corner of the country lies Dhofar , separated from the rest of Oman by almost a thousand kilometres of stony desert. At the centre of the region is the engaging subtropical city of Salalah, famous for its annual inundation by the monsoon rains of the khareef, during which the surrounding hills turn a lush green and cascades of water flow down the mountains, creating impromptu rivers, rock pools and waterfalls – one of Arabia’s most memorably improbable spectacles. The city also makes a convenient base for forays into the majestic Dhofar Mountains and the interminable sands of the Rub al Khali – Oman’s final frontier, stretching across northern Dhofar and on into Saudi Arabia.

Sultan Qaboos: father of the nation

You’ll not go far in Oman without seeing a picture of the country’s supreme ruler, Sultan Qaboos , whether framed in miniature above the counters of shops, cafés and hotels or emblazoned on supersized billboards towering above major highways. Coming to the throne in 1970 following the ousting of his father, the sultan has overseen the transformation of the backward and impoverished country he inherited into a prosperous modern state and is still held in almost religious reverence – even the tumultuous events of the Arab Spring in early 2011 (and their modest repercussions in Oman itself) failed to shake his universal popularity.

Top image © Gregory Zamell/Shutterstock

Travel advice for Oman

From travel safety to visa requirements, discover the best tips for traveling to Oman

• Culture and Etiquette in Oman
• Eating and drinking in Oman
• How to get to Oman
• Getting around Oman: Transportation Tips
• Sports and Outdoor activities in Oman
• Shopping tips for Oman
• Travel Tips Oman for planning and on the go
• Best time to visit Oman

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written by Rough Guides Editors

updated 26.04.2021

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Oman Tours & Trips

Oman is one of the most developed and stable countries in the Arab world, and its capital, Muscat, has been voted by Lonely Planet as the 2nd best city to visit. The coastline of the Arabian sea is lined with spectacular beaches, and activities include diving, surfing and sailing.

84 Oman tour packages with 178 reviews

• In-depth Cultural
• Christmas & New Year

City, Wadis and Desert

If you only have a few days to discover Northern Oman, it is a great choice. You'll see many parts of the country, let it be the 400 years old towns, desert with high dunes, or swimming with sea turtles in their natural habitat. Special thanks to our private guide, Aziz, who was a very nice travel partner for the last days! He knows everything about the country and its culture.

Incredible Oman

Perfect tour with small group Wadi Shan amazing Guide ilyas also

• Overland Truck

Highlights of Oman

This tour gives a good overview of the diversity of landscape in Oman, including hiking in a canyon and a gorge, to 4-wheeling over sand dunes, to the city highlights in Muscat. Oman is a beautiful safe country to visit with locals who are friendly and helpful.

Discover Oman

The tour guide was great

The Oman Essentials Tour with Fully Live Escorted Tour in 4* Hotels - Full Board Plan

Every thing went very well. But our guide Mahmoud was the best guide. Five stars. I will recommend tour radar to my friends.

The Oman Complete - Escorted Tour in 4* Hotels – Full Board Plan

Excellent guide Hussein. 60 % of the positive expérience of the tour. In general I was satisfy by the tour. Well organized. Probably too short though to cover well the destination. Fortunately I extend alone 3 more nights in Muscat at the end. The negative points were: 1. too long answers to my questions before my decision to take prt on the program. it made me in the position of booking the flights at the last minute, increasing my costs. 2. The fact that I wasn not informed in advance that I joined a group that have already made the UAE tour before mine only on Oman. 3. The bus used was much too old with no suffisant climation at 35C.

Mountains, Deserts and Coast of Oman

This tour is a good way to see Oman beyond Muscat. Lots of time in cars, but some of this, such as driving through the desert and the canyon are part of the experience - it isn't just let's drive from A to B. There was downtime/own exploring time built in which was great as you can take advantage of the beaches or pools at the different locations - very welcome as it was so hot!

• 10% deposit on some dates Some departure dates offer you the chance to book this tour with a lower deposit.

Looking for tours beyond just Oman?

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Tour Latifa | 6 Days Package

Great overview of the highlights of the country. Would recommend.

Treasures of Oman 6 Days – Oman Tour Package

We really enjoyed the trip overall. We saw and experienced a lot and could ask the guides anything we wanted. They were very eager and flexible to meet our needs. We had two different guides for each of the three days. With the first one we had to organize and pay for all entrance fees and drinks ourselves. This is contrary to the agreed terms. We have spent so total safe again 55 Rial extra. The program was not really known to both guides and it was sometimes positive and sometimes negative deviated from it. So we had no Dune bashing and had to pay for the Dolphin watching (which was not organized at all) and the Camel ride. The trip was not planned wisely. For example, we arrived at the market in Nizwa when everything was over. The short city tour in Muscat on Saturday did not take place at all. Thus we never saw the big mosque. This would have been one of our highlights, which we really wanted to see! The second guide was much better educated, explained more and could answer our questions precisely. Thus, we learned much more about the country and its people. We learned from this that it is not good to book a trip through two agencies involved. We also advise against changing guides during such a short trip.

Tour Dina | 5 Days Package

Oman is Great. So are the people. The tour touched relevant areas in Oman and gave a good overview of the country. Unfortunately the guide told us little information.after the tour I read things about our stops that would have been great to learn while we were there. Mostly probably because his English had serious limitations. He hardly understood questions. I would have wanted more time in the desert. Just over night was too short. And the mentioned dune bashing was not on offer. Tips on what to bring would have been helpful. E.g. wet shoes to wear in the Wadi Shab Trip. There were a lot of painful pebbles to walk over.

Tailor-Made Best Oman Tour with Daily Departure & Private Trip

• Book With Flexibility This operator allows you to rebook your dates or tours with them for free, waiving change fees.

Customized Oman Desert Safari, Daily Departure & Private Tour

Pearls Of Muscat - 2 Days Oman

• Hiking & Trekking

Oman Trekking

A Week in Oman

What people love about oman tours.

The guide Khalil did his best to brighten the tour and for that I give him credit. As for the tour itself it was somewhat ruined by the weather.

Our tour guide Aziz was once again phenomenal. Besides being professional, kin to utmost safety, He made sure we had the best of time. He’s very flexible with schedule and we truly appreciate it.

The Highlights of Oman tour was a perfect combination of beautiful landscapes, historic sites and cultural insights. Our tour leader was excellent and very knowledgeable.

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Tips & How to travel to Oman in 2024

By Joan Torres 22 Comments Last updated on April 12, 2024

Alluring Arab fortresses, 3000km of dramatic coastline, massive seas of dunes, thousands of miles of empty roads, and unspoiled landscapes.

Oman is the ultimate destination for raw adventurers, seeking to venture into the most traditional and welcoming Arab country.

This Oman travel guide contains everything you need to know to travel to Oman , including all the practical information, travel tips, top experiences and more.

In this Oman travel guide you will find:

Table of Contents

• Best time to visit
• Travel insurance
• Useful books
• Top 5 experiences
• Tours or independent travel?
• 20 Cultural facts
• Money and budgeting
• Transportation
• How to get in
• Accommodation
• More information

eSIM card for browsing when traveling in Oman

With Holafly , you can now get an electronic SIM card for Oman from home with just 2 clicks.

5% discount with the following code:

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😍 Reasons to visit Oman, the most welcoming country in the Middle East

I have visited Oman 7 or 8 times. 

The fact is that I lived in Dubai for nearly 3 years, and going to Oman was the classic weekend getaway. 

Two years after leaving Dubai and my corporate job , I came back to the region and decided to travel around Oman for a whole month, this time without a car, right before making my way into Saudi Arabia .  

I love Oman, I absolutely love it, for many reasons, but mainly because, unlike the United Arab Emirates, Qatar or Kuwait, it has managed to keep its own character.

Oman is an oil-rich country, but they don’t need to spend billions building extravagant buildings and nonsensical monuments. No, they don’t need to because people visit Oman to meet the kind-hearted Omanis, to check out the incredible coastline and the most epic mountains in the Arabian Peninsula, which go as high as 3,028m. 

Despite the modernization of the country, Oman has managed to preserve all its traditions and that is why, today, here you can still attend a livestock market and always share a meal with a local in the traditional way. 

Not surprisingly, Oman is getting immensely popular, but the good thing is that the country is big enough, so you can still find loads of off-the-beaten-track places that have remained untouched for centuries. 

Welcome to Oman.

🪪 How to get a visa for Oman

Most nationalities can buy an Oman tourist visa on arrival:

• 14-day visa : for free, no cost
• 30-day visa: 21 rials
• Multiple-entry visa, valid for 1 year: 50 rials

If possible, try to pay in either Omani Rials or with a credit card, because the price in USD is higher than the actual exchange rate. 

You can also buy your Omani visa online through this portal at a discounted price (around 1 rial), which is 2-3USD, for the 30-day visa at least. 

What nationalities are eligible for visa on arrival?

European Union, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Japan, Lebanon , Liechtenstein, Macau, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova , Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, San Marino, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United States, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela 

If you come from any other country, I suggest you check the e-visa portal . 

Do you have a UAE residence?

If you are not on the lucky countries list, but you are living and working in the United Arab Emirates, you may also be able to get a visa on arrival. However, you should check it with your own embassy.  

⛅ Best time to visit Oman

In Oman, there really isn’t a spring or autumn season but the weather just evolves from crazy hot to pleasant. Note that, depending on the year, May and October could still be really, really hot.

Traveling in Oman in summer – From May to October

• Pleasant weather in the high mountains
• Low-season prices
• Monsoon season in Salalah (South Oman)
• Unbearable heat across the country
• High levels of humidity in the coastal areas

Traveling in Oman in winter – From November to April

• Pleasant weather across the whole country
• Loads of social life, events, etc.
• Omanis are in their best mood
• Higher prices

🚑 Travel insurance for Oman

Hey, Oman is an adventure destination, a country where you may be camping in the wild, go trekking and do epic road trips, plus their health care system is private.

For this reason, I recommend IATI Insurance because:

• Covers all types of adventure activities
• Up to 5 million € of medical coverage
• Covers senior citizens too
• Readers of this blog can get a 5% exclusive discount

📚 Books for planning your trip to Oman

Oman travel guide by bradt.

The guide to Oman by Bradt is, definitely, the best guidebook about Oman that exists.

Arabian Peninsula travel guide by Lonely Planet

They also mention UAE and other Gulf countries but if you like collecting the LP or want to combine a few countries, this is also a good option. 

🛖 5 Top experiences in Oman

Some travelers may not agree with the below list, basically because they might not be part of the tourist trail, but having visited Oman extensively, getting quite off the beaten track, these are the must-try experiences worth to be featured in this Oman travel blog.

Traveling to Dubai? Read my complete 1-week itinerary to UAE for the independent traveler

1 – Experience the khareef season in Salalah

In Oman, there is a place full of green meadows, where it rains, and the locals sell locally-grown coconuts, pineapples, and papayas. This place is called Salalah, in southern Oman, a city that experiences a monsoon season called khareef , which takes place from July to September.

During this season, Salalah becomes beautiful and lush green, attracting visitors from all over the country, as well as Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

Check my ultimate guide to visit Salalah and the rest of Dhofar region

2 – Driving the coastal road from Salalah to the Yemeni border

Very few travelers visit this remote part of the country, which is a real shame, because the coast of Dhofar province is home to the most dramatic coastline in Oman, composed of lush green mountains which, at the same time, serve as vertiginous cliffs that directly drop to turquoise-blue waters.

A type of landscape you would never think of in the Arabian Peninsula. 

It looks like Hawai, right?

3 – Experiencing the Omani traditional life

What I like about Oman is that, unlike its neighbors from UAE, Qatar, Bahrain or Kuwait, it is a country with a complex, ancient history that managed to keep its traditions.

From livestock markets to artisan shops, actual Bedouins and historical mountain villages, the cultural experience in Oman is just as great as its epic landscapes. 

4 – Camping at one of the many wadis in Oman

Oman is about outdoors and since the country is not known for its nightlife, not even Muscat , both locals and expats tend to spend their weekends outdoors, especially camping in a wadi (valley) over a night barbecue.

If you want to join an Omani group, check the weekly events on Couchsurfing.

If you decide to go alone and go on a weekend, expect kind Omanis to tell you to join them.

5 – The historical heritage, from ruined cities to epic forts and abandoned villages

Despite being a mostly desert country, Oman has a fair amount of historical places to visit, ranging from well-restored, impressive forts, like the one in Rustaq, Nizwa or Bahla; to absolutely ruined historical cities like the barely visited one in Manah. 

Moreover, the mountains of Oman are also filled with abandoned villages that had been inhabited for centuries, but due to their inaccessibility, the Omani Government gave the villagers incentives to move to more accessible towns.

👨 Independent travel in Oman. Do you need to join a tour?

Oman is a difficult country to move around, basically, because you hardly find public transportation. 

Therefore, to travel in Oman, you need to either rent a car or go on a tour .

There is a third, more challenging way: hitchhiking – but we will get into that later. 

Below you can find a few examples but here I have put a compelling list: Best excursions, activities and day tours in Oman

Best Muscat City Tour

Muscat is full of amazing sites, but it is not very walking-friendly precisely. Joining a tour will definitely prove cheaper than hiring a taxi driver.

Best adventurous tour: Jebel Shams

The Grand Canyon of Oman is one of the most epic, natural places in the country, and it is easily visited from Muscat on a day trip.

Best cultural tour: Nizwa

One of the most historically important cities in Oman has a great souq and a beautiful fortress.

You may also like: the 10 best desert safaris in Dubai

⚠️ Is it safe to travel to Oman?

Travel insurance for Oman Get IATI Insurance : outdoor activities coverage + COVID-19 Buy it here to get a 5% discount

Oman is safe and, perhaps, the safest country in the Middle East , no kidding. 

Even the utterly negatively-exaggerated FCDO advice says that Oman is trouble-free. 

The fact is that Oman is one of those countries where crime is a rare thing to see.

Actually, a good friend of mine from southern Oman told me that since he was born 40 years ago, there is only been one murder in his province (Dhofar), and it was between foreign workers. 

How many people have been murdered in your province or city?

There are no pickpockets and nobody will mug you. Oman is very safe and terrorism is unheard of, especially because it has always kept away of all Middle Eastern conflicts. 

For a more comprehensive analysis, read: Is Oman safe?

20 Facts about Omanis and the country of Oman

1 – oman is an arab country and omanis are arabs.

It is one of the 22 countries that comprise the Arab League . 

2 – Many Omanis are ethnically from Zanzibar

From the 17th to the 19th century, the Sultanate of Oman was a major maritime force that controlled a large part of East Africa, Zanzibar being one of the most important territories.

When you travel in Oman, you will see a lot of very dark Omanis with strong East African features. Most likely, their ancestors come from Zanzibar but, culturally, they are 100% Omani. 

Read my city guide to Muscat!

3 – And then you have the Baluchis

Balochistan is a region spread across Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan and, for many years, the Baluch city of Gwadar (in today’s Pakistan) was under Omani rule. Baluchis were known for being fierce warriors and that is why, over the centuries, the Sultanate used them as loyal mercenaries to consolidate Oman’s power.

Today, a large population of Baluchis still remain in Oman (about half a million) and while they are considered 100% Omanis, many of them speak a distinct language which is close to Hindi or Urdu, and they have similarities with their South Asian neighbors. 

4 – But there are more groups

From the several Dhofari tribes in southern Oman (which are culturally closer to Yemen) to the Bedouins, Oman is ethnically rich. 

5 – South Asians make up around 45-55% of the total population

By South Asians, I mean people from Pakistan , India, and Bangladesh, especially Bangladesh, most of them being workers with low-qualified jobs. 

6 – Arabic is the official language

Omani Arabic is very similar to the one spoken in UAE, Saudi Arabia and the rest of the Gulf countries, with its own similarities, of course. They claim that the Arabic from the Gulf is the closest to Classical Arabic, the Arabic the Quran is written in.

7 – Other languages, however, are also spoken

I personally spent several days in Dhofar province, staying with a guy named Mussab in a small village north of Salalah . Mussab spoke Jabali (Shehri) , a language that sounded completely different from Arabic. He said that some old people from remoter villages in his region can’t speak Arabic, only Jabali. 

8 – Many educated Omanis speak English

Especially in Muscat but, in smaller cities and rural areas, communicating in English can be a problem sometimes. 

9 – Most Omanis are Sunni Muslims

There are small concentrations of Shias in Muscat and along the northern coast, but Sunni Islam is the prevalent religion. 

10 – And they are a very conservative society

Islam is the basic pillar for pretty much any Omani, including the young generation. I hung out with Omanis from all ages and social classes and I barely met anyone who didn’t pray 5 times a day. They are strong believers and most of their rules, habits, and laws are based on Islam. 

11 – Conservative, but tolerant with foreigners

In Oman, there aren’t specific rules dictating how you need to dress, and alcohol is widely available for foreigners. Women don’t need to cover up and, if you want to wear shorts, you just wear them. Omanis understand the cultural differences between themselves and Europeans, so you don’t need to explain anything to them. 

A piece of advice for women – When I was traveling in the touristic areas of Oman, I saw quite a few Western women dressing like they would do in a beach destination back home, and that was with very tight and small clothes. There isn’t really a law against that, and Omanis are the kindest people on Earth, so most likely, whatever you wear, they won’t say you anything to you because you are their guest. However, I certainly know that many Omanis get bothered when they see a woman dressing like that, especially in villages. Look, I know that I shouldn’t tell a woman what to do, but just bear in mind that you are in their country and, in order to enjoy their kindness and hospitality , showing your respect for their culture is a great start. You don’t need to cover your head or anything like that, but just try to dress more conservatively, and you will see that Omanis will receive you in open arms. For more information, read: Solo female travel in Oman

12 – Some of the most hospitable people ever

You may think this as a cliché statement, but it’s not. Omanis are in the top 3 of the most hospitable people I have ever met, along with Iranians and Pakistanis.

Over my backpacking journey, I lost count of all the house invitations I got, plus the kindness of the many locals I hitched a ride with, always willing to meet and help you, expecting nothing in return. 

13 – You will visit many guest rooms, but nothing beyond that

Omanis are very private. Families don’t really like people entering their houses, especially because it is the only place where their women can roam around freely.

For this reason, all houses tend to have a guest room, which is a living room attached to the main entrance of the house. If you are a man, you won’t be allowed to cross that room but, in that room, you will be treated like a royal guest. 

14 – About local women

Yes, Oman is a conservative Muslim society and as such, women have fewer rights than men but still, they are much further ahead than Saudi Arabia , especially when it comes to high education and public jobs, and you will hardly see any women wearing the niqab .

However, you won’t really see women socializing alone in the street and, as a man, you will hardly talk to any of them. 

Read: 9 Misconceptions about traveling as a female in Saudi

15 – Expect to see many pictures from Saddam Hussein

I traveled around Oman always hitchhiking and, during my journey, I got lifts from many people who had Saddam Hussein’s photo hanging from the rear mirror. 

Read: Iraqi Kurdistan travel guide

16 – Get used to shopping from the car

Omanis have a strange custom which is that they don’t like to get out of their car when they go to the grocery store or want to take away food. Instead, they stop at the entrance and beep like crazy until a poor Bengali comes out asking for their order.

A strange custom which I never managed to get used to. 

17 – They even have drive-thru ATMs

When I was at the gas station of Salalah, for the first time in my life, I saw a drive-thru ATM, which was also located right next to a few normal ATMs.

The shocking fact was that there were 3-4 cars standing on the line, yet, the normal ATMs were empty, which meant that they preferred waiting to getting out of the car – and it wasn’t due to the heat because it was during winter. 

18 – The strangest signboards for shops

”Fish Marketing”, ”Food Stuff”, or ”Café that offers meals mainly”, among the most classic ones.  

19 – Sultan Qaboos is the most beloved leader in the world

There isn’t a single Omani who doesn’t love their leader and the reason is that he has made their country great, not only when it comes to giving free stuff to its citizens – like houses – but he introduced a bunch of liberal laws (like freedom of religion) which his dictatorial predecessor didn’t allow.

Sultan Qaboos passed away in January 2020 at the age of 79. May him rest in peace

20 – What you need to know about camels

In Oman there are a lot of camels, but most of them are concentrated in the south, in Dhofar province (the north is more about goats). Dhofar is perhaps, the place with the largest concentration of camels in the world, no kidding.

They are absolutely everywhere, like sleeping in the middle of the road and stuff like that. Unfortunately, most of them will end up their days in a butchery.

Tales of Omani hospitality I wish I had space here to tell you all the stories of hospitality and kindness I had with the tens of Omanis I hung out with. As I told you before, I traveled in Oman completely by hitchhiking, camped in the middle of towns and cities, and did a lot of Couchsurfing. When you are backpacking this way, the local interactions are non-stop and in most cases, Omanis just tried to be overwhelmingly helpful. I got invited to have coffee to countless houses, they took me out for lunch and dinner every other day and, on many occasions, the people I hitched a ride with, always insisted on driving me to my exact location, even if that required them to make a huge detour. For this reason, I strongly recommend you travel in Oman independently , not on a tour.

🍲 Food and coffee in Oman

Honestly, food isn’t the highlight of any Oman trip, but there are some surprises and interesting facts. 

The first thing you need to know is that Omani cuisine is very limited, as it mainly consists of meat or fish with rice , served in ridiculously massive portions. 

Camel meat is eaten all across the country but nowhere like in Dhofar province, the place with perhaps, the largest concentration of camels in the world. In Salalah and around , camel meat is eaten very regularly in most restaurants, usually grilled, but you also find camel shawarmas , burgers and stuff like that. 

Besides rice with its respective portion of protein, you may also find shurbah , a local soup made of oatmeal, tomatoes, and other vegetables. 

That’s it pretty much when it comes to Omani food but, one day when I was Sadeh, a coastal village 2 hours north of Salalah, my host wanted me to eat a very special dish from his region. 

And what are we gonna eat?  – I asked

He didn’t know the name in English, so he Googled it and said: It’s called oysters. My friend catches them. 

I thought we would be eating oysters in the same way we eat them back home but instead, he brought a massive dish of oysters without shells, cooked in a spicy sauce, but they still preserved the strong sea taste oysters usually have.

That dish was, definitely, one of the best dishes I ever had traveling, if not the best .

On the other hand, due to the big Indian influence, you also find loads and loads of restaurants – even in the smallest villages – serving all kinds of Indian food , ranging from daal to fish curries, and even calamari masala, always very cheap. Daal was usually my everyday breakfast. 

Here are some facts about eating when you travel in Oman:

• Typically, you will eat on the floor, with a plastic tablecloth
• Usually, everything will be served on one single plate, even if you are several people, and you will eat from the same plate.
• You eat with your hands, and no plates or forks are provided. 
• Guests are not supposed to leave any food – That was hard because of the XXL portions
• In rural areas, you should eat with your right hand and doing otherwise is considered rude – This rule applies in all Muslim countries but Oman is particularly conservative and, along with Saudi Arabia, it is the only country where, on several occasions, the locals told me I was doing it wrong  (I am left-handed).

What you need to know about kahwa

Kahwa is the local coffee from the Arabian Peninsula, consisting of regular coffee with cardamom, served in a traditional pot. 

The problem with kahwa is that if you travel in Oman independently and have a lot of local interactions, you will be offered this coffee several times a day, meaning that you will have a shit load of cups, therefore, your heart rate is likely to increase.

When I was hitchhiking in Central Oman, where tourists are rare, one day I had to have more than 25 cups of kahwa – no kidding – as you are supposed to have at least a few when you are offered. 

If you are in a house, kahwa will be typically served with dates and if you are lucky, with tajin as well, a kind of sauce in which you dip your dates.

In fancier occasions, they will serve it with halwa , a traditional sticky, jelly-like dessert made of wheat starch, eggs, saffron, cardamom, nuts, and A LOT of sugar. It’s a bomb. 

What to do with all the dates

Of course, dates are immensely popular in Oman, especially in the north, and they claim that dates from Nizwa are the very best. Every time I stayed with an Omani from the north, they gifted me with a crazy bag loaded with dates, and they were so heavy.

Since I couldn’t finish them all, they were piling up, so every time I hitched a ride with a foreigner, I also gave them dates.

💻 Internet and connectivity in Oman

Wi-Fi – Wi-Fi usually works great but, unfortunately, it is difficult to find a Wi-Fi network, as the internet is expensive in Oman, so only hotels and Western-style cafés can afford it. So, when you are traveling in rural Oman, getting connected may prove challenging.

Moreover, Wi-Fi networks tend to require a local Omani number in order to connect, so you will have to buy a SIM Card anyways. 

SIM Card – SIM Cards in Oman are expensive as well. Omantel is the most popular one. They offer an entry plan which may be enough for short-term stays but then, if you are planning to travel to Oman for several weeks, the price per GB is pricey, like 8-9USD for 1GB worth of data. 

eSIM for browsing, calling and traveling in Oman

Basically, an eSIM is a regular SIM card with a digital format that works like a normal physical SIM card, with the added benefit that you can buy it from home before the beginning of your trip, hence avoiding the hassle of buying it at your destination. 

With Holafly , you can get a SIM Card for a wide range of destinations, including Oman . 

Moreover, you can benefit from a 5% discount with the following code:  AGAINSTTHECOMPASS

Get a VPN for traveling in Oman

You should always use a VPN when you travel, especially when you connect to public Wi-Fi networks.

Your connection will be much safer. 

Moreover, you will be able to access content which is typically censored in Oman. 

I recommend ExpressVPN – Extremely easy to use, fast and cheap. 

If you want to learn more about VPN, check: Why you need a VPN for traveling .

💰 Money & budgeting when you travel in Oman

In Oman, they use the Omani Rial (OR) and approximately:

1 USD = 0.39 OMR

Yes, it is worth more than 2USD. 

Omani Rials are split into baisas (bzs) and 1OMR = 1,000bzs

The Omani Rial is a stable currency. 

Exchanging money in Oman

Given the fact that half of the population are foreigners, money exchange offices abound. 

Plenty of ATMs everywhere

Credit cards

In local eateries, taxis, small shops, budget hotels etc. you must pay in cash, so always bring plenty of it. 

How much does traveling to Oman cost?

All right, Oman is an expensive destination (yeah, really), for two reasons:

• There is no public transportation
• There aren’t budget hotels

How much you will spend when traveling in Oman is hard to say, as it will depend on several factors.

For example, I have never spent much because, during my first 6 or 7 visits, I always came with my own car and used to camp in the wadis or the beach and, on my last occasion, I was purely hitchhiking and Couchsurfing, so I barely spent 20USD a day. 

Local food is actually cheap but, if you rent a car and stay in hotels, costs will add up significantly. 

Here are the typical prices of the most basic stuff:

• One-month visa –  20OMR
• Welcome package SIM + Data –  3OMR but then you pay 3OMR for 1GB
• The most budget hotel –  10-12OMR
• A plate of daal – 500bzs
• A biryani –  1.5OMR
• A big bottle of water – 200bzs
• A beer – 4OMR
• Short taxi rides within Muscat –  2.50OMR
• Bus from Muscat to Salalah –  7OMR

How to travel in Oman on a super budget:

• Do hitchhike (it is fairly easy)
• Do Couchsurfing
• Only eat in Indian-run restaurants
• Go to the mountains and camp outdoors
• Sign up for Couchsurfing events and join weekend trips

If you want to know more, read my guide on how to go backpacking in Oman on a super budget

🛺 Transportation tips – How to move around Oman

• Regular taxi – If you don’t have a car, taxis are the way to go in Muscat. They don’t have taximeters, however, and taxi drivers from Muscat are really annoying because they always try to rip off tourists. I recommend using Careem or Uber.
• Bus – There are a few bus lines in Muscat that go all the way to Ruwi from the airport. They cost 500bzs. For more information, read my Muscat City Guide . 

Renting a car in Oman

To be very honest, Oman is a country that is best explored by car, as the vast majority of its places are completely inaccessible.

A car will make your life much easier, plus you will be able to find epic camping spots and just have a lot of freedom.

I recommend you find your car via Rental Cars, a search engine that helps you find the best deals, no matter where you are.

Do you need a 4×4 for your trip to Oman?

Before making this decision, you need to think: where are you going to go?

The roads in Oman are generally good and the only 2 places I went where a 4×4 was needed were Jebel Akhdar and the road from Al Hamra to Rustaq via Bald Sayt. 

Then, you have the Empty Quarter but, even if you had the best 4×4, it is not recommended to go without an experienced driver – The dunes in the Empty Quarter are a few hundred meters high, and they are shifting sands. 

Unless you really want to drive off-road , bear in mind that renting a 4×4 is much more expensive than a regular car, so you really need to assess whether it is worth to pay the extra money for being able to go to Jebel Akhdar and Bald Sayt. 

Traveling around Oman by bus

Traveling in Oman by bus sucks, for 3 reasons:

• They just go to the main cities and towns
• There are only a few a day
• Cities in Oman are not walking-friendly, so when you get to a city by bus, you are screwed again.

Going by bus isn’t a good option for traveling in Oman. 

Hitchhiking in Oman

The best option for budget backpackers. 

Hitchhiking in Oman is super easy. I hitchhiked more than 1400km, from Salalah to Muscat and everything in between, and never had to wait much.

For more information, read my budget backpacking guide in Oman .

🛫 How to get to Oman

Traveling to oman by air.

Today, there are many international connections coming from different European and Asian cities to Muscat . However, flying to Dubai will always be cheaper, so I recommend you check both and then you decide.

The southern city of Salalah also has an international airport, with connections from other Arab countries, India, Pakistan , etc.

Traveling to Oman by land

Oman shares a border with UAE, Yemen , and Saudi Arabia.

• UAE – Traveling from Dubai to Muscat is a 400km drive. You can come by car but there are also buses from Bur Dubai. Check here for more info . 
• Saudi –  Apparently, the border was recently opened, but there are no buses and it is actually faster going through UAE, which would be a 1,300km drive from  Riyadh  to Muscat. Read my  travel guide to Saudi Arabia . 
• Yemen – The border is open but it is a very long drive. For more information on visiting Yemen, read this post . 

🏨 Accommodation tips – Which kind of accommodation do you have?

Check my comprehensive guide on how to find the right accommodation in Muscat

The first thing you need to know is that in Oman there aren’t hostels or guest houses, only hotels.

Budget Hotels

Only available in big cities and on roads. You pay 25-30USD for a single room but on the bright side, the few I stayed in tended to be clean and have some minimum standards. 

Hotel-apartments

In big cities, you can also find hotel apartments, which are very good value-for-money if you are more than 2 people.

Mid-range hotels

In rural touristic places such as Jebel Shams, Jebel Akhdar, villages like Bald Sayt, etc. there aren’t budget hotels and rates may easily start at 100USD per night. 

5-star hotels

The offer of luxury hotels in Oman is very large. 

Couchsurfing

Plenty of profiles but I recommend you send the requests in advance because Omanis tend to take a while to reply.

❗ More information to add up to this Oman travel guide

📢 In my Travel Resources Page you can find the list of all the sites and services I use to book hotels, tours, travel insurance and more.

All guides and articles for traveling in Oman destination

• Travel Guide to Musandam
• Muscat Travel Guide
• Where to Stay in Muscat
• Best Activities, Tours and Excursion in Oman
• A City Guide to Salalah Dhofar
• Oman Budget Guide
• Solo Female Travel Guide to Oman
• Is Oman Safe?

Travel guides to other countries in the Middle East

• Iran Travel Guide
• Palestine Travel Guide
• Syria Travel Guide
• Travel Guide to Lebanon
• Iraq Travel Guide
• Travel Guide to Saudi Arabia
• Yemen Travel Guide

You will also be interested in: Where in the Middle East is safe? and The most beautiful places in the Middle East .

This Oman travel guide contained everything you needed to know for your trip. If you have any additional information or questions, kindly post them in the comments section

22 comments

Great article – very useful and informative. Thanks!

Thank you very much, the article is very helpful und interesting!

Just wanted to comment on correcting one fact Oman is the only country that the majority of muslims are Ibadi, not Sunni.

thanks, Ali!

Hey Joan, great source of info, really well written and love all the cultural information. We want to rent a car for traveling around Oman. Is it easy to find camping gear in Muscat? Any shop you can recommend?

Hey there, thx for all the information, do you know if it is possible for EU citizens to get a 10-day visa on the border when coming by bus from Dubai?

If coming by land, I recommend you buy it online beforehand.

Hi, have you got any direct contact details (phone, email) for Fort Guesthouse in Muscat? Thanks, love your stuff, Terry

Thanks so much for all this info! I recently returned from a trip to Oman and used this (along with a lot of your others posts) for help and information 🙂

thank you 🙂

Hi, Can someone advise me on the best currency to use when holidaying in Oman please? Rials or USdollars? TIA

In Oman, they use Omani Rials

Love your work, I have been reading it extensively. We have accidently booked our 4 days in Oman next year during Eid al-Adha. Do you know how this may negatively affect our time there? Ie. can we still rent a car and travel easily?

Hi Richard, it’s really not a problem, other than it will be busy, since many expats in UAE decide to travel to Oman during these dates.

About visa, most of nationalities doesn’t need visa for 14 days or less if they arrive by airplane. Visa for 14 days on land border crossings is not valid/avaliable anymore, nor it is possible to buy it through official government website.

I can send you screenshot from government official email on my request about that matter as proof if you need. 🙂

Thank you for the information, Peter.

Great Article , can u recommend any good hassel free car hire company .

none in particular, I always check on Rental Cars

Such a nice summary!! We originally planned to go with a travel agency but at the end we might rather go on our own with more freedom to travel where we want. Thank you so much for these tips! I learned all I needed to know! Love from Lucy form Prague

Have a fun and safe trip!

Greetings, Joan! Inspired by you (and a few others), I’m visiting Oman for 24 days. Can you suggest a site where I might find a travel partner to split a vehicle? Many thanks–I’m a big fan1

Maybe in Facebook group Overlanding in the Middle East

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First Time in Oman: Travel Guide

F ound on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, Oman is a gem waiting to be discovered. Blessed with diverse landscapes, from rugged mountains to pristine coastline, Oman offers travelers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural richness.

The capital city, Muscat, serves as the gateway to Oman’s wonders. Here, ancient traditions harmonize with modernity, evident in the striking architecture of the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque and the bustling markets of Muttrah Souq.

In this comprehensive travel guide, we’ll mention everything you need to know for your first-time visit to Oman.

Planning Your Trip

Before setting off on your adventure, it’s essential to plan your trip meticulously. Research Oman’s top attractions, such as the majestic Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque in Muscat, the ancient city of Nizwa , and the breathtaking Wahiba Sands desert. Consider the best time to visit, taking into account Oman’s climate and seasonal events. 

Additionally, ensure you have the necessary travel documents, including a valid passport and any required visas or vaccinations. You can read the requirements for entry and apply in a simplified way with OMVIsas . 

Getting There

Traveling to Oman is convenient, with international flights connecting major cities worldwide to Muscat International Airport. Alternatively, you can opt for a scenic cruise along Oman’s picturesque coastline or take a cross-border road trip from neighboring countries.

Accommodation

Oman offers a range of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference. From luxurious beach resorts overlooking the Arabian Sea to cozy boutique hotels in historic neighborhoods, you’ll find the perfect place to rest and rejuvenate after a day of exploration.

Exploring Muscat

Begin your Omani adventure in Muscat, the vibrant capital city that seamlessly blends tradition and modernity. Visit the iconic Royal Opera House , stroll through the bustling Muttrah Souq, and marvel at the opulent Al Alam Palace.

Discovering Omani Culture

Get into Oman’s cultural diversity by experiencing traditional customs and rituals firsthand. Witness the performances of Omani music and dance, learn about the art of falconry, and explore the fascinating world of traditional handicrafts, including pottery and weaving.

Outdoor Adventures

For outdoor enthusiasts, Oman offers plenty of thrilling activities amidst its breathtaking natural landscapes. Go on exhilarating hikes in the towering Hajar Mountains, camp under the starlit sky in the Wahiba Sands desert, or indulge in water sports along the pristine coastline.

Exploring Historical Sites

Step back in time as you explore Oman’s rich heritage at its ancient forts, archaeological sites, and UNESCO World Heritage-listed landmarks. You can't miss the imposing walls of Nizwa Fort, wander through the historic ruins of Bahla Fort , and discover the ancient city of Bat, renowned for its prehistoric tombs.

Day Trips and Excursions

Take a day trip to the picturesque village of Misfat Al Abriyeen, explore the verdant wadis of Wadi Shab and Wadi Bani Khalid, or go on a dolphin-watching cruise along the coast.

Shopping in Oman

No trip to Oman is complete without indulging in a bit of retail therapy. Browse the vibrant souks and markets, where you’ll find an array of traditional Omani handicrafts, exquisite jewelry, and aromatic spices. Be sure to haggle with local vendors for the best deals and souvenirs to take home.

Cuisine and Dining

Omani cuisine is a delightful fusion of flavors influenced by the country’s diverse cultural heritage. Sample mouthwatering dishes such as shuwa (marinated meat slow-cooked in an underground oven), harees (a savory porridge made with wheat and meat), and halwa (a sweet confection flavored with rosewater and nuts).

Safety Tips

While Oman is generally a safe destination for travelers, it’s essential to take precautions to ensure a hassle-free journey. Respect local customs and traditions.

Dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites or rural areas, and avoid public displays of affection, and stay informed about any potential safety concerns or travel advisories.

In Conclusion

While Oman may not yet be as mainstream as some other travel destinations, its growing popularity reflects the increasing interest in exploring lesser-known gems and immersing oneself in authentic cultural experiences.

Oman offers a wealth of experiences for first-time visitors, from its stunning natural beauty to its rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re seeking adventure in the great outdoors or immersing yourself in the uniqueness of Omani culture, this enchanting destination is sure to leave a lasting impression.

The post First Time in Oman: Travel Guide appeared first on Malorie's Adventures .

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Welcome to Original World Travel, specialists in authentic, hand-crafted cultural tours steeped in vibrant local color and time-honored traditions.

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India is fascinating and fabulous and we saw a great deal on this trip. There is no place like it. I am impressed and amazed everytime I look at our photos at the variety and the richness of our experience.

You were very responsive and accommodating and did what we asked. Having transportation and hotels booked really allowed us to focus on being there and it was incredible! We had great service in India as well. There was always a friendly face to greet us.

Back home after a truly wonderful experience in India. India was all that I dreamed and more….. much more. Sanjay our escort is an exceptional human being and we were very fortunate to have him on this journey with us. Well organized, good hotels, great service from all we met. My Thanks to you for putting a tour I will never forget. Best Wishes

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Our tour was well planned and paced. All of our guides were excellent as were our drivers. Our last driver was incredible in every way – helpful, careful, a delight.

I loved India. The people were wonderful, and the countryside and cities interesting and incredibly colorful. The food was amazing.

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Playing God With the Atmosphere

Interfering with Earth’s climate systems is becoming more possible—and less predictable—than ever.

Listen to this article

Produced by ElevenLabs and News Over Audio (NOA) using AI narration.

After a deluge of record-breaking rainfall this week, citizens of the United Arab Emirates and Oman are still trying to return to regular life. The storms forced schools, offices, and businesses to close, transformed the tarmac of Dubai’s international airport into a rippling sea, and killed more than 20 people across both nations. The downpour seemed almost apocalyptic: On Tuesday, the UAE received the amount of rain that usually falls in an entire year.

Early reports of the weather event prompted some speculation that it was worsened by a controversial weather-modification technology. The practice, known as cloud seeding, involves spraying chemical compounds into the air in an effort to wring more rain out of the sky. The United Arab Emirates carries out hundreds of these operations every year in an effort to supplement its water resources in the arid landscape. Exactly how well cloud seeding actually works is an active debate among scientists, but the technique can’t produce rain clouds out of thin air—it can only enhance what’s already there.

The consensus, for now, seems to be that cloud seeding is unlikely to have contributed significantly to this week’s historic inundation. (The UAE’s meteorology agency said no seeding missions were conducted before the storm.) But the event raises anew some fundamental questions about interfering with nature. Cloud seeding is a type of geoengineering, a set of technologies aimed deliberately at influencing or altering Earth’s climate systems. The warmer our planet becomes, the more attractive geoengineering seems as a way to slow or endure the effects of climate change—and the less accurately we can predict its effects. Scientists can’t be sure that playing God with the atmosphere won’t cause human suffering, even if it is intended to alleviate it.

In the case of cloud seeding, humans have been playing God for decades. The technique dates back to the 1940s and has been deployed regularly around the world since to provide relief to regions parched by drought , clear skies ahead of Olympic Games , and give ski resorts an extra inch of snow . Scientists have been studying cloud seeding all along, but they’ve only recently managed to document how the technique might actually work, distinguishing between natural precipitation and precipitation that resulted from human intervention. Experts believe that seeding can squeeze out a small amount of additional precipitation, but it is “notoriously difficult” to determine how well it worked in any particular instance, Janette Lindesay, a climate scientist at Australian National University, told me.

Read: The chemist who thought he could harness hurricanes

The basics of cloud seeding are straightforward, Lindesay said: If you want rain, you release chemicals that encourage clouds to produce larger water droplets, which are more likely to reach the ground. If you want to suppress rain, you use chemicals that foster the creation of smaller droplets. But the simplicity belies the complicated science and high stakes of manipulating the atmosphere in the 21st century. The 2020s are becoming defined by a warmer atmosphere capable of holding more moisture, conditions that can lead to more extreme and unprecedented weather events, including intense rainfall. Add in geoengineering, and things can get risky. “We are in territory now where we can’t necessarily rely on past experience and past outcomes to inform us,” Lindesay said, of “what is likely to happen when we intervene.”

As geoengineering goes, cloud seeding is a rather limited technique, with small effects confined to small geographical areas. (That’s part of the case against seeding as a significant contributing factor to this week’s flooding in the Middle East; as Amit Katwala pointed out in Wired this week, parts of the UAE where seeding typically does not occur experienced torrential rain too.) But it can still be fraught. Scientists continue to debate whether cloud seeding in one region can have consequences for another. And at a time when droughts are becoming more common, rain is a precious commodity with geopolitical import. In recent years, Iran has accused the UAE and Israel, which has its own seeding experiments, of stealing rain away.

Reports that cloud seeding caused this week’s flooding were likely erroneous, but the reaction they inspired “represents a healthy kind of skepticism about what happens when we interfere with natural systems,” Laura Kuhl, a public-policy professor at Northeastern University who studies climate adaptation, told me. That’s particularly true, she said, when you consider forms of geoengineering premised on producing large-scale effects. Scientists have proposed injecting sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere to reflect some sunlight back into space, preventing it from reaching Earth’s surface. The resulting aerosols could linger in the stratosphere for years, shifting at the whims of the wind. Similar concerns surround another geoengineering technique that involves spraying salt compounds into the air to brighten clouds, which would in turn bounce sunlight back into space. This month, scientists conducted a secretive test of this technology, the first of its kind in the United States. The field is “moving a lot faster than it used to,” Juan Moreno-Cruz, a climate-policy researcher at the University of Waterloo, told me.

Read: The very optimistic new argument for dimming the sky

After further research, some geoengineering techniques may well turn out to be useful ways to mitigate or adapt to climate change. But they can’t address its root causes: the burning of fossil fuels, and failure to reduce greenhouse emissions. Many climate experts see geoengineering as a last resort. As our changing atmosphere continues to dramatically drench some parts of the planet and leave others parched for too long, that last resort might start to seem like a more appealing option—even as the consequences of getting it wrong become ever more dire.

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Automatic Refunds and No More Hidden Fees: D.O.T. Sets New Rules for Airlines

The Transportation Department issued new requirements on refunds when flights are canceled or delayed and on revealing “junk” fees before booking. Here’s what passengers can expect.

By Christine Chung

The Transportation Department on Wednesday announced new rules taking aim at two of the most difficult and annoying issues in air travel: obtaining refunds and encountering surprise fees late in the booking process.

“Passengers deserve to know upfront what costs they are facing and should get their money back when an airline owes them — without having to ask,” said U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg in a statement, adding that the changes would not only save passengers “time and money,” but also prevent headaches.

The department’s new rules, Mr. Buttigieg said, will hold airlines to clear and consistent standards when they cancel, delay or substantially change flights, and require automatic refunds to be issued within weeks. They will also require them to reveal all fees before a ticket is purchased.

Airlines for America , a trade group representing the country’s largest air carriers, said in a statement that its airlines “abide by and frequently exceed” D.O.T. consumer protection regulations.

Passenger advocates welcomed the new steps.

Tomasz Pawliszyn, the chief executive of AirHelp, a Berlin-based company that assists passengers with airline claims, called it a “massive step forward and huge improvement in consumer rights and protection” that brings the United States closer to global standards in passenger rights.

Here’s what we know about the D.O.T.’s new rules, which will begin to go into effect in October.

There’s now one definition for a “significant” delay.

Until now, airlines have been allowed to set their own definition for a “significant” delay and compensation has varied by carrier . Now, according to the D.O.T., there will be one standard: when departure or arrival is delayed by three hours for domestic flights and six hours for international flights.

Passengers will get prompt refunds for cancellations or significant changes for flights and delayed bags, for any reason.

When things go wrong, getting compensation from an airline has often required establishing a cumbersome paper trail or spending untold hours on the phone. Under the new rules, refunds will be automatic, without passengers having to request them. Refunds will be made in full, excepting the value of any transportation already used. Airlines and ticket agents must provide refunds in the original form of payment, whether by cash, credit card or airline miles. Refunds are due within seven days for credit card purchases and within 20 days for other payments.

Passengers with other flight disruptions, such as being downgraded to a lower service class, are also entitled to refunds.

The list of significant changes for which passengers can get their money back also includes: departure or arrival from an airport different from the one booked; connections at different airports or flights on planes that are less accessible to a person with a disability; an increase in the number of scheduled connections. Also, passengers who pay for services like Wi-Fi or seat selection that are then unavailable will be refunded any fees.

Airlines must give travel vouchers or credits to ticketed passengers unable to fly because of government restrictions or a doctor’s orders.

The vouchers or credits will be transferable and can be used for at least five years after the date they were issued.

Fees for checked baggage and modifying a reservation must be disclosed upfront.

Airlines and ticket agents are now required to display any extra fees for things like checking bags or seat selection clearly and individually before a ticket purchase. They will also need to outline the airline’s policies on baggage, cancellations and changing flights before a customer purchases a ticket.

The rules, which apply to all flights on domestic airlines and flights to and from the United States operated by foreign airlines, have varying start dates.

For example, automatic refunds must be instituted by the airlines within six months. But carriers have a year before they’re required to issue travel vouchers and credits for passengers advised by a medical professional not to fly.

Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram and sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to get expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. Dreaming up a future getaway or just armchair traveling? Check out our 52 Places to Go in 2024 .

Christine Chung is a Times reporter covering airlines and consumer travel. More about Christine Chung

Open Up Your World

Considering a trip, or just some armchair traveling here are some ideas..

52 Places:  Why do we travel? For food, culture, adventure, natural beauty? Our 2024 list has all those elements, and more .

Mumbai:  Spend 36 hours in this fast-changing Indian city  by exploring ancient caves, catching a concert in a former textile mill and feasting on mangoes.

Kyoto:  The Japanese city’s dry gardens offer spots for quiet contemplation  in an increasingly overtouristed destination.

Iceland:  The country markets itself as a destination to see the northern lights. But they can be elusive, as one writer recently found .

Texas:  Canoeing the Rio Grande near Big Bend National Park can be magical. But as the river dries, it’s getting harder to find where a boat will actually float .

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My four-day rail and ferry adventure from the UK to Albania

From London to Tirana, via Chambéry’s medieval streets, bustling Bari and Albania’s dynamic capital, this trip across Europe has treats at every turn

M y overriding memories of crossing countries by train, on a trip from London to Albania, are of half-empty carriages and countryside sweeping past windows bathed in the soft orange glow of sunset. I remember cypress trees, red-roofed villages with square churches, farmland in neat strips and row upon row of vineyards.

On my London-Paris-Chambéry-Turin-Bari-Tirana journey over land and sea, there was, for long stretches, little to do. The wifi was patchy. It took a while to adapt to having so much time to simply watch the world go by, travelling through landscapes without having to navigate them.

The biggest stress happened long before I set off, when a landslide not far from the French border with Italy blocked the rail line between Chambéry and Turin, forcing a closure that continues today. Byway, the no-fly operator I had booked with, offered to reroute me through Nice and on to Turin via the Vermenagna valley (with changes in Tende and Cuneo), or book me on the FlixBus service over part of the Mont Blanc massif. I was keen to see Chambéry and the Alps, so I chose the bus.

People seemed surprised when I told them I was travelling overland to Albania. As I gushed about the romance of slow travel by train and sleeper ferry, and my excitement about Tirana, I got comments about being “brave”. I didn’t feel especially brave: all the planning, tickets and hotel bookings were done for me, and friendly help was a WhatsApp call away if needed.

I just had to download the Rail Planner app for my Interrail pass and make sure I was at the right station at the right time (Turin was the biggest challenge: it has four main railway stations and taxis scream between them bearing anxious-looking passengers).

The entire journey took four days. If I did it all again, I’d stay longer in Puglia, the heel of Italy’s boot – and remember to buy my Paris Métro ticket from the cafe on the Eurostar.

Day one: London to Chamb éry

First to Paris’s Gare du Nord, then the metro to Gare de Lyon, where I make a beeline for a cafe opposite the station. Noise pervades the pavement tables of Café Terminus, but the cacophony is delightful – an atmospheric place for a citron pressé .

I’m in plenty of time for the train to Chambéry and, excitingly, am on the upper deck. Soon, we break free from the suburbs to trace huge stands of forest. Beyond Lyon begins a ripple of hills, lazy rivers and thickly forested slopes. As evening approaches, it’s all Alpine scenery. I arrive at an almost-empty station and walk to the boutique Hotel des Princes in Chambéry’s old town.

Chambéry has an Italian feel – it was the seat of the House of Savoy before the dynasty moved on to Turin – and its medieval alleys, cathedral and pastel-coloured townhouses are quietly impressive. The 1838 Fontaine des Éléphants sits in the middle of the closest square to the old town, and peeking from the end of every street are the Bauges and Chartreuse mountain ranges. My stay is peaceful and easy.

Day two: Chamb éry to Turin

From Chambéry, the train to Turin would take about 2½ hours, but the bus takes double this. I’m on the top deck again, which is worth it for the sight of misty fingers of early morning light breaking across the mountain ridge. Snoozing backpackers rouse themselves to snap pictures of remote Mont Blanc peaks, before slumbering once more through the tunnel to Italy. In Turin there’s perfume in the air from the blossom-covered trees.

Turin’s grid of long, straight boulevards is testament to its development by the Romans – the redbrick Palatine Gate is another Roman relic – and its grand piazzas, royal palaces and graffitied colonnades date from the city’s Savoy heyday in the 16th and 17th centuries. Today, the number one attraction is the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum).

My favourite moments? Ricotta and fig ice-cream on Piazza San Carlo, an aperitivo on off-the-beaten-path Via Sant’Agostino and the towering neoclassical Mole Antonelliana (national museum of cinema). I eat Turin’s famous doughy pizza al padellino (pan pizza) and spend a comfortable night in the eaves of Hotel Urbani in 19th-century residential streets close to the grand Porta Nuova train station.

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Day three: Turin to Bari

The views from my next train are of cinematic Tuscan scenes. Scorched fields, vines and Italian cypress trees. Neat red roofs and shabby-chic farmhouses. Fluffy clouds cling to hills that Google Maps tells me are the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. After hours of soothing golden landscapes, the opal-blue Adriatic wallops into view just north of Ancona. Beach bars whip by and cypress trees are replaced with palm trees: I’ve arrived in the south of Italy.

Bari is hands down my favourite stop. The noise, heat and energy as we step off the train in the early evening are joyous. After Chambéry and Turin, Bari feels brash, a little rough around the edges even; a proper port city. The labyrinthine alleyways of the whitewashed old town are almost cliched in their cuteness. Despite the troupes of tightly packed headphone-wearing Americans following guided tours, it somehow manages to retain a tranquil atmosphere.

Old ladies yawn from the shade as tourists surreptitiously snap pictures and laundry flutters from balconies. I could stay for ever, but after 24 hours (which includes a lot of pasta, a stroll along the posh promenade to the not-so-posh city beach and a night in an elegant aparthotel, Residence Zodiacus , halfway between the station and the old town), it’s time to board the night ferry to Albania.

Day (and night) four: Bari to Tirana

I arrive at the ferry on foot and am escorted through the car deck to jokes about going in the wrong direction (to Albania, instead of from it). In the early morning I spot a pink sky through the cracked window of my comfy en suite cabin, and head to the top deck to see the sun rise over the distant outline of Albania. Disembarking in the port of Durrës is a bit of a scrum and there’s a bus to the capital waiting, but I opt instead for a five-minute taxi ride to the centre of town and breakfast of pastries and espresso on a dazzling white road lined with boutiques and palm trees. I later regret this though, as the aircon on the grubby public bus I eventually take to Tirana is more tired than I am, and drops me in an urban sprawl miles from the centre.

Tirana itself is a revelation. My hotel, Padam Boutique , is a grand villa with handsome rooms and floor-to-ceiling windows, and there’s striking new skyward architecture on every nearby street. A short stroll away is the landmark Pyramid of Tirana , which stands as a symbol and monument to change (and is fun to climb at sunset). Skanderbeg Square – a jumble of buildings erected on a roundabout at the time of the celebrations to mark the fall of communism in 1992 – is now a pedestrianised, glossy public space. There are nods to Albania’s recent, wretched history behind the iron curtain, of course – the Bunk’Art and Bunk’Art 2 museums, in nuclear bunkers are unmissable – but Tirana and the country are more than just the last century. My journey is done, but it feels like Tirana is just getting into its stride.

The trip was provided by Byway , which offers sustainable travel and accommodation packages across the UK and Europe. Its Alps to Albania trip costs from £679pp

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European Union adopts more favourable Schengen visa rules for Indians

Indian Nationals can now apply for a multiple entry Schengen visa with longer validity

On 18 April 2024, the European Commission adopted specific rules on the issuing of multiple entry visas to Indian nationals, which are more favourable than the standard rules of the Visa Code that applied to date. This new visa ‘cascade’ regime for Indian nationals residing in India who apply for Schengen (short-stay) visas in India will provide easier access to visas with multi-year validity for travellers with an established travel history, if the passport validity allows. 

According to the newly adopted visa “cascade” regime for India, Indian nationals can now be issued long-term, multi-entry Schengen visas valid for two years after having obtained and lawfully used two visas within the previous three years. The two-year visa will normally be followed by a five-year visa, if the passport has sufficient validity remaining. During the validity period of these visas, holders enjoy travel rights equivalent to visa-free nationals.

This decision comes in the context of strengthened relations under the EU-India Common Agenda on Migration and Mobility, which seeks comprehensive cooperation on migration policy between the EU and India, with facilitation of people-to-people contacts being of key aspect due to the importance of India as a partner for the EU. 

Schengen visas allow the holder to travel freely in the Schengen area for short stays of a maximum of 90 days in any 180-day period. The visas are not purpose-bound, but they do not grant the right to work. The Schengen area consists of 29 European countries (of which 25 are EU states): Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden, along with Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.