travel with nys id

New York State Identification Number: A Comprehensive Guide

Are you looking to get a new or replacement New York State identification card and wondering what the identification number is? You’ve come to the right place. Having a valid New York State ID is important for many reasons – from driving to banking and more. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk through everything you need to know about the New York State ID number.

If you’re short on time, here’s a quick answer: The New York State identification number on your ID card consists of 8 numerical digits . It is assigned by the Department of Motor Vehicles at the time the ID card is issued.

What is the New York State Identification Number?

The New York State Identification Number (NY SID) is a unique 8-digit number assigned to individuals by the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) in New York. It serves as an identification number for residents who do not have a driver’s license or a non-driver identification card.

The NY SID is used for various purposes, including accessing government services, obtaining official documents, and verifying identity.

Unique 8-Digit Number Assigned by DMV

The NY SID is a unique identifier that is assigned to each individual by the DMV. This 8-digit number is different from a driver’s license number or a Social Security number. It provides a distinct identification for individuals who do not hold a driver’s license but still need an official identification number.

When applying for a NY SID, individuals need to provide certain personal information, such as their full name, date of birth, and address. This information is used by the DMV to generate a unique NY SID, which is then assigned to the individual.

Same Number for Life Unlike License Number

Unlike a driver’s license number, which may change if you move to a different state or renew your license, the NY SID remains the same for life. This means that even if you move or update your personal information, your NY SID will not change.

Having a consistent identification number can be beneficial in various situations, such as when applying for jobs, opening bank accounts, or accessing government services. It provides a reliable way for organizations and agencies to verify an individual’s identity over an extended period.

Required for Getting a NY ID Card

If you do not have a driver’s license but need an official identification card in New York, the NY SID is a mandatory requirement. When applying for a New York State ID card, you will need to provide your NY SID, along with other necessary documents, such as proof of identity and residency.

The NY SID helps the DMV to maintain accurate records and ensure that each individual has a unique identification number. It helps in preventing fraud and identity theft by ensuring that each person’s identity is properly verified.

For more information about the New York State Identification Number and how to obtain one, you can visit the official website of the New York DMV at https://dmv.ny.gov/ .

Who Needs a New York State ID Number?

If you are a resident of New York State and need to prove your identity for various purposes, you may need a New York State ID number. This unique identification number is issued by the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and is used for a variety of official transactions.

New York Residents Applying for ID Card

If you are a New York resident who does not have a driver’s license, you can apply for an ID card from the DMV. In order to do so, you will need to provide certain documents to prove your identity, such as your birth certificate, Social Security card, and proof of address.

Once your application is approved, you will be issued a New York State ID number, which will be printed on your ID card.

This ID number can be used for various purposes, such as opening a bank account, applying for government benefits, or verifying your identity when making certain transactions. It is important to keep your ID card and ID number secure, as they contain sensitive personal information.

Replacing Lost, Stolen or Damaged ID Card

If your New York State ID card has been lost, stolen, or damaged, you may need to replace it. In order to do so, you will need to visit a DMV office and provide the necessary documentation to prove your identity.

Once your identity is verified, you will be issued a new ID card with a new New York State ID number.

If you have lost your ID card, it is important to report it to the DMV and take steps to protect your identity. Identity theft is a serious issue, and having a new ID card with a new ID number can help prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing your personal information.

For more information about the New York State ID number and how to obtain or replace an ID card, you can visit the official website of the New York State DMV at https://dmv.ny.gov/id-card/get-id-card .

How to Get Your New York State ID Number

If you are a resident of New York and need to obtain a New York State ID number, you can do so by following these simple steps. The New York State ID number, also known as a DMV number, is a unique identifier assigned to individuals for various purposes, such as driver’s license applications, vehicle registration, and other official transactions.

Apply In-Person at Local DMV Office

The first step in obtaining your New York State ID number is to visit your local DMV office in person. This is necessary as the DMV requires you to provide certain documentation and complete the necessary paperwork.

Be sure to check the DMV website or call ahead to confirm the office hours and any specific requirements.

Provide Required Documentation

When you visit the DMV office, you will need to bring specific documentation to prove your identity and residency. Commonly accepted documents include a valid passport, birth certificate, Social Security card, and proof of New York State residency, such as utility bills or a lease agreement.

It is always a good idea to check the DMV website for a complete list of acceptable documents to avoid any last-minute surprises.

Pay Applicable Fees

Once you have provided the necessary documentation, you will be required to pay the applicable fees associated with obtaining a New York State ID number. These fees may vary depending on the purpose of your ID number and the type of transaction you are conducting.

It is important to note that the DMV accepts various payment methods, including cash, credit/debit cards, and checks.

Pro Tip: To save time during your visit to the DMV, consider filling out any required forms online beforehand. This can help streamline the process and reduce waiting time.

For more detailed information on how to obtain your New York State ID number, you can visit the official New York State DMV website . They provide comprehensive guidance and resources to help you navigate through the process smoothly.

What is the ID Number Used For?

The New York State Identification Number, also known as the NYSID, is a unique identifier assigned to individuals by the state of New York. This number is widely used for various purposes and serves as an important tool in facilitating efficient and secure transactions.

Here are some of the key uses of the NYSID:

Identification Purposes

The primary function of the NYSID is to provide a means of identification for individuals residing in New York State. It is used by government agencies, educational institutions, and other organizations as a reliable way to verify a person’s identity.

This could be for accessing public services, enrolling in schools, or obtaining certain benefits.

Banking/Financial Transactions

The NYSID plays a crucial role in banking and financial transactions within the state. Many financial institutions require individuals to provide their NYSID when opening accounts or conducting certain transactions.

This helps ensure the accuracy and security of the transactions, protecting both the individual and the institution.

The NYSID is also used for travel-related purposes. When applying for a passport or other travel documents, individuals may be required to provide their NYSID as part of the application process. This helps establish their identity and citizenship, ensuring that the travel documents are issued to the correct person.

Did you know? The NYSID is a 10-digit number that is unique to each individual. It is issued by the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles and is linked to an individual’s personal information such as name, date of birth, and address.

For more information on the New York State Identification Number and its uses, you can visit the official website of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles .

Differences from Driver’s License Number

When it comes to identification in the state of New York, there are some key differences between the New York State Identification Number and the Driver’s License Number. These differences can be important to understand, especially for individuals who may not possess a driver’s license but still require a valid form of identification.

ID Number Stays the Same

One of the main differences between the New York State Identification Number and the Driver’s License Number is that the ID number remains the same regardless of any changes to the individual’s driver’s license.

This means that even if someone’s driver’s license is renewed or replaced, their ID number will remain unchanged. The ID number serves as a unique identifier for individuals, making it crucial for various transactions, such as opening a bank account or applying for government services.

This stability in the ID number can be beneficial for individuals who do not drive or for those who prefer to use their state ID as their primary form of identification. It provides a consistent and reliable way to prove their identity, even if their driver’s license information changes.

Driver’s License Number Can Change

Unlike the New York State Identification Number, the Driver’s License Number is subject to change. This can occur when a driver’s license is renewed, replaced, or if the individual obtains a new license due to a change in personal information, such as a name change or address update.

It’s important to note that the Driver’s License Number is directly tied to the individual’s driving privileges and any changes made to the license will impact this number. Therefore, individuals who rely on their driver’s license for identification purposes should be mindful of any changes that may occur and update their information accordingly.

It’s worth mentioning that both the New York State Identification Number and the Driver’s License Number are essential forms of identification. They serve different purposes and cater to the varying needs of individuals within the state of New York.

In summary, the New York State identification number is a unique 8-digit number assigned to you when getting a state ID card. While your driver’s license number can change, your ID number remains the same for life. To get your ID number, you’ll need to apply at the DMV and provide documentation. The ID number serves important identification purposes and is required for many activities. We hope this guide gave you a comprehensive overview of everything you need to know about the New York State identification number!

Hi there, I'm Jessica, the solo traveler behind the travel blog Eye & Pen. I launched my site in 2020 to share over a decade of adventurous stories and vivid photography from my expeditions across 30+ countries. When I'm not wandering, you can find me freelance writing from my home base in Denver, hiking Colorado's peaks with my rescue pup Belle, or enjoying local craft beers with friends.

I specialize in budget tips, unique lodging spotlights, road trip routes, travel hacking guides, and female solo travel for publications like Travel+Leisure and Matador Network. Through my photography and writing, I hope to immerse readers in new cultures and compelling destinations not found in most guidebooks. I'd love for you to join me on my lifelong journey of visual storytelling!

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NY launches Mobile ID program for easier identity verification at airports. How it'll work

New Yorkers now have the option to keep a digital version of their state-issued driver's license, learner's permit or ID on their smartphone.

Gov. Kathy Hochul and the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles announced the voluntary product's launch Tuesday , which is available to IOS and Android users with a valid, state-issued driver's license, learner's permit or non-driver ID.

“Everything is on your cell phone these days, and now, your ID can be too," DMV commissioner Mark J.F. Schroeder said. "This is an exciting way to provide identification without having to dig through your wallet or purse to find your physical document. Rather than handing over your physical ID with lots of personal information, the Mobile ID gives you greater control over what personal data you share.”

The Mobile ID was created through a $1.7 million contract with French biometrics company IDEMIA , which the DMV entered into in 2022, a DMV spokesperson confirmed Tuesday.

Here's what to know about the new technology.

How it will help you

With the New York Mobile ID, New Yorkers will be able to easily and securely verify their identity for airport security screening without having to hand over their smartphones. It will be accepted at Transportation Security Administration security checkpoints at almost 30 airports across the country, including all terminals at LaGuardia and John F. Kennedy airports.

How to get a Mobile ID

All of the attributes on your physical ID, like the document type and class, as well as your organ donor status, veteran status, and lifetime hunting or fishing permits will all be available in the New York Mobile ID app. This information can also be shared with a verifier whenever you agree to share your personal information. 

Here's how you can get a Mobile ID:

• Download the New York Mobile ID app from the App Store or through Google Play .
• Register the phone number of the device the Mobile ID will be on. Your Mobile ID can only be on one device at a time to help protect your identity. 
• Take a picture of the front and back of your physical ID (driver license, non-driver ID, or Learner Permit), using your phone’s camera. 
• Pose for a selfie. The app checks your photo and ID against information on file with the DMV to ensure you are who you say you are. 
• Once your information is verified, your Mobile ID is active and ready to use wherever it is accepted. 

A step-by-step guide on how to enroll is also available on YouTube .

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Where can I use the Mobile ID?

In New York, the only two airports you can use your Mobile ID at are LaGuardia and John F. Kennedy airports.

However, you'll be able to use it at a number of other airports throughout the U.S. including:

• Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport in Maryland
• Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in Virginia
• Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Georgia
• Miami International Airport in Florida
• Detroit Metropolitan Airport in Michigan
• Chicago O'Hare International Airport in Illinois
• Denver International Airport in Colorado
• Los Angeles International Airport in California
• San Francisco International Airport in California

It can also be used at any other business, venue or organization that chooses to accept it, including those in other states and countries. 

How to use your Mobile ID 

Participating TSA terminals are clearly marked with signage indicating they accept digital identity documents such as the New York Mobile ID. 

At TSA checkpoints, scan your smartphone at the identity reader and your smartphone will display the information being requested by the TSA. After you authorize the request, the information will then be digitally transferred to the TSA.

You won't need to hand over your phone at any point and once the TSA receives the requested information, the TSA officer will verify your identity and flight status.

It's not designed to look like a picture of a New York driver license, learner permit, or non-driver ID on a smartphone, according to Hochul's office. In other words, you're not showing someone a photo of your physical ID on your smartphone.

Keep in mind, you should still always carry your physical driver's license or ID because the Mobile ID serves as a companion to a physical ID, and not all businesses or stakeholders will initially accept mobile IDs.

Additional information can be found on the DMV website by going to dmv.ny.gov/id-card/mobile-id-mid .

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Does Mobile ID pose security issues?

The New York Civil Liberties Union and Surveillance Resistance Lab sent a letter to DMV commissioner Mark Schroeder in January expressing their concerns about a possible mobile driver's license program.

Some of these concerns include potential threats to equity and right to inclusion, as some vendors may choose to exclusively accept mobile driver licenses for proof of identity or access to services, which could lead to marginalization of people who don't own smartphones. And without regulation, data could be shared or sold to third parties or for other purposes.

“This mobile driver’s license program may as well just hand over the public’s personal data to state and corporate entities — there’s been no public input and no oversight,” NYCLU senior privacy & technology strategist Daniel Schwarz said in a written statement Tuesday. 

“A program that would completely overhaul how identity records are stored, presented, and accessed requires the highest level of public scrutiny and should be implemented with utmost care, legal protections, and technical safeguards. Gov. Hochul must backtrack on launching this pilot program immediately or risk undermining democracy, eroding privacy rights, and threatening New Yorkers’ civil rights and liberties.”

Personal information found on the Mobile ID is encrypted, stored only on your personal device and is only accessible when you consent to sharing it, the state noted. The app can only be unlocked through Face ID, TouchID, or a six-digit PIN.

You also control what data to share and the Mobile ID technology doesn't store or transmit data on where and when it's used. For example, when you go to purchase alcohol, you can prove your age without sharing other information like your name, height or address.

Emily Barnes is the New York State Team consumer advocate reporter for the USA TODAY Network. Contact Barnes at  [email protected]  or on Twitter  @byemilybarnes .

About IDNYC

• Legal Library
• Language and Disability Access Policies

Privacy and Confidentiality

• See IDNYC In Your Community
• IDNYC Program Evaluation
• IDNYC Public Service Announcements

Appointments are now required at all IDNYC locations. We will not see walk-ins. Appointments are released each week on Friday afternoon, for the following Monday through Friday. To schedule an appointment click here or call 311 to make an appointment. Do not book more than one appointment per person. If you cannot make it to your scheduled appointment, please cancel, and reschedule for a later date or time.

Launched in 2015, IDNYC is the largest and most successful municipal ID program in the country!

IDNYC is a card for all New Yorkers, regardless of their immigration status. IDNYC benefits all city residents, including those from some of our most vulnerable communities – the unhoused, youth, the formerly incarcerated, and others who may have difficulty obtaining a government-issued photo ID. The IDNYC card is free for all New Yorkers.

The free, municipal identification card for New York City residents, ages 10 and up, provides access to a wide variety of services and programs offered by the City. For cardholders 16 and older, cards are valid for five years from the date the application was approved. For cardholders under the age of 16, cards are valid for two years from the date the application was approved. IDNYC cardholders also enjoy benefits and discounts offered by businesses and cultural institutions across the five boroughs. IDNYC can be used as your public library card, to access your own and your child's immunization records, and to open a bank account at select financial institutions.

Getting Your IDNYC Card

You can schedule an appointment through IDNYC's Online Portal to apply for an IDNYC in person at an IDNYC Enrollment Center or an IDNYC Pop-Up Enrollment Center. During your appointment, you will fill out an application and present proof of identity and New York City residency. Many types of documents are accepted, all of which are listed on the Document Calculator . After you submit your application and if your application is approved your card will be sent to you in the mail.

The IDNYC card is free for all New Yorkers. For cardholders 16 and older, cards are valid for five years from the date the application was approved. For cardholders under the age of 16, cards are valid for two years from the date the application was approved. The application process is accessible to people with limited English proficiency and people with disabilities. The application materials and Benefits Guide are available in multiple languages.

Renewing Your IDNYC Card

Due to current demand at IDNYC Enrollment Centers, the renewal period for cardholders has been extended. If your card expired in 2020, you may renew your card through December 31, 2024.

Do not delay submitting your renewal application online. Learn how to renew your card today.

Using Your IDNYC Card

Your IDNYC card is an accessible and secure document that enables you to access City services and enter City buildings that provide services to the public. In addition, the card can be presented as proof of identification for interacting with the New York City Police Department (NYPD), for employment, and to receive health benefits. It can also be used to access your own and your child's immunization records, to qualify for affordable housing through NYC Housing Connect, and to open a bank account at select financial institutions.

IDNYC cards can be used as library cards in the New York, Brooklyn, and Queens Public Library Systems. To use your IDNYC card at a library, ask a librarian or a library clerk at your local branch to connect your IDNYC card to your library accout or sign up for a new library account and use your IDNYC card as your library card. You will only be able to use your IDNYC card as a library card in a library system where you have an account and where you have connected your IDNYC card with your library account.

Furthermore, a number of additional benefits are available to IDNYC cardholders including the opportunity to sign up for free or reduced admission and other benefits at participating museums, zoos, and botanical gardens. Other benefits include discounts on prescription medications, fitness, groceries, and New York City attractions.

Card Features

Your IDNYC card includes a number of unique features that give all of us the opportunity to show who we are - New Yorkers.

You can select a gender marker - X, M or F - on your IDNYC that reflects how you identify or express your gender, or you can choose "Not Designated" to leave this field blank.

In the most linguistically diverse city on the planet, you can use an ID that speaks for itself. You can list up to two preferred languages on your IDNYC.

If you are a veteran, your IDNYC can include the Veteran Designation and you can receive benefits. For information about the benefits of the IDNYC Veteran Designation, visit the veteran designation page.

In case of emergencies, you can list an emergency contact and their contact information on your IDNYC.

Additionally, "IDNYC" is embossed in braille on the front of all new IDNYC cards to help cardholders who are blind or have low vision distinguish and utilize the card.

You can also show the BigAppleRx Prescription Drug Discount BIN and GRP numbers on the back of your IDNYC card at pharmacies across New York City to save up to 50% on prescription medications. Visit the health benefits page for more information.

IDNYC Card 2015-2019

Current IDNYC Card

The City protects the confidentiality of all IDNYC applicants and cardholders to the maximum extent allowable by applicable federal and state law, and in accordance with Local Law 35 of 2014. In addition, the City will not ask applicants for information about their immigration status for purposes of obtaining the card in accordance with Executive Orders 34 and 41. You can learn more about how your information will be protected by the City by visiting the privacy and confidentiality page .

Language and Disability Access

IDNYC works to ensure language spoken, limited proficiency, and disability are not barriers to accessing services.

Applications are available in 35 languages and services can be provided to applicants in their preferred language through staff at IDNYC Enrollment Centers or support on the phone.

All permanent Enrollment Centers are wheelchair accessible and have at least one accessible counter for ease of access. They are all equipped with an audio induction loop system for applicants who are hard of hearing and offer sign language interpretation for individuals who require it. See Frequently Asked Question 7 for more information on requesting sign language interpretation. Further, all centers have braille applications and can print large materials on demand. All IDNYC staff is trained to provide reasonable accommodations upon request.

Applicants who have disabilities can apply with a caretaker if they do not have a photo ID or a proof of residency document in their own name. For more information, please see Frequently Asked Question 20

For more information, please see the Frequently Asked Questions or call 311 and say "IDNYC". People who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability can contact 311 at 212-NEW-YORK (212-638-9675) using a Video Relay Service (VRS) or at 212-504-4115 using TTY or Text Telephone.

Do Kids Need ID to Fly? Travel Identification Info for Every Age

A couple of times a year, I get a panicked message from a friend or reader who is about to take an airplane flight with their kids. Suddenly they’ve realized that they have no idea what kind of identification they need for their children to fly, if any. After a decade and a half of flying on hundreds of flights and dozens of airlines with my kids to destinations all around the world, I know this question can certainly be confusing!

In the United States, there are multiple entities that set the official legal rules and regulations governing air travel identification and documentation. Those can include Customs and Border Protection, the Department of State, the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Transportation Security Administration, and each specific airline.

So exactly what documentation is required to board an airplane with kids? As you might imagine, it depends! Here is all the information you need to make sure you have the right identification to travel aboard both domestic and international flights with kids.

Short on Time? Quick Answers in a Nutshell

Children under the age of 18 typically do not need ID to fly on domestic flights within the United States when accompanied by an adult. Airlines may require identification, however, in more unusual circumstances such as with very young infants, lap children, unaccompanied minors, or older teens flying solo. Identification – specifically a passport book but sometimes more – is always required for kids of any age to travel on international flights.

Identification Required for Kids for International Travel

Most travelers usually expect strict identification rules when it comes to international travel. If you are traveling internationally by air the answer to the question of whether kids need ID to fly is pretty simple. Yes! They do!

Not just any ID will suffice. Just as with adults, a passport book is required to fly with kids internationally no matter how young. If you have kids who are United States citizens, getting an official passport can be time-consuming and expensive. In addition, it requires some logistical steps that parents can mess up.

How to Get Passports in the US for Kids

Specifically, the consent of both parents is required for kids under age 16. That usually means both parents need to appear in person at a passport acceptance facility (like many post offices, local government offices, etc.). Alternatively, one parent can appear in person with a notarized statement of consent from the other parent. I got a notarized letter from my husband the last time we applied for our kids because his work schedule made it difficult for him to be available during the limited business hours passport acceptance facilities in our area were open.

Note also that you can’t just easily renew children’s passports by mail like you can for adults. The same in-person application process with both parents present is required. Plus kids under age 16 must renew passports every 5 years, instead of every 10 years for adults.

For that reason, I highly recommend starting the process of obtaining passports for your kids many months in advance of any international travel. After the paperwork is submitted, the process can take 2-3 months for a passport to arrive. Plus, it can often take many weeks before you can get an appointment to even submit the paperwork.

This obviously makes international travel with very young infants especially challenging, as it takes time to first get a birth certificate for the child and then apply for a passport.

Hopefully you are landing on this article in plenty of time to get your paperwork in order for your specific situation. But if not, there may be ways you can get what you need more urgently. You can pay a $60 extra fee to expedite a passport, which can cut several weeks off of standard processing times. And in more urgent situations, there is an even more expedited option available by applying at a passport agency (which can be done if a trip is within 14 days or less).

Special Note about International Land Crossings and Cruises

One reason some travelers misunderstand the air travel rules for kid identification is because the rules for kids crossing land borders and on some cruises can be different. For example, minors who are US citizens can cross into Canada by land with only a birth certificate.

On some closed loop cruises starting and ending in the United States going to destinations like Mexico, Canada, or many Caribbean countries, there are times when both kids and adults can technically travel without a passport using a birth certificate or passport card.

But none of these exceptions apply to international air travel. Don’t mix these rules up!

Child Travel Consent Form

Although a passport book is necessary to travel with kids on international flights, it isn’t necessarily fully sufficient. There are some times that other travel documents may be required – such as a visa for certain countries.

What is even more likely to trip up international travelers is the situation in which a child is traveling with only one parent or is traveling with another adult who isn’t a parent. In many of these circumstances, proof that both parents consent to the specific trip can be required. In these cases, the best practice is to carry a notarized letter of consent for the child to travel.

Some countries have very specific forms or formats that you need to follow. Mexico is one such example and historically has tended to be quite strict. My husband will likely be traveling solo with one of our kids to Mexico for a family wedding in a few months, and we are already planning to get the a letter of consent completed as an extra precaution.

Many countries don’t have clear cut rules that are easy to research. For example, I flew last summer to Italy (first entering the Schengen Area in Frankfurt, Germany) with both of my kids without my husband. I wasn’t able to get completely definitive information as to whether consent was required. As a result, we went ahead and had my husband complete a notarized letter of consent that I kept with me along with a copy of his passport. We weren’t asked to show it, but I breathed easier knowing I had it!

Unfortunately, profiling can and does occur depending on where you are traveling. So parents who don’t share the same last name as their children or who may appear to be another race or ethnicity may find they face extra scrutiny. The best way to avoid any surprises – just or not – is to err on the side of having this document even when it’s not necessarily required.

Identification Required for Kids for Domestic Travel

If you are traveling domestically, the answer to the ID question is a little more complicated but thankfully usually much easier. In most standard circumstances, identification is not required for minors for domestic travel within the USA. There are specific unique situations, however, where it can be.

What Identification is Needed at TSA Checkpoints?

For domestic travel, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) will not require you to have an ID for children under age 18 at the security checkpoint.

That said, TSA agents may well talk to your child to confirm their identity and to screen for cases of child abduction. Agents have asked my kids over the years for their names. In some circumstances, they’ve pointed to my husband or me and asked our children who we are. If you have kids who are shy or who take warnings of stranger danger to heart, let them know in advance of your trip that it’s ok for them to speak to these agents and to answer truthfully.

Related: Strategies for Speeding Through TSA Checkpoints with Kids

Special Situations Where Kids May Need ID for Domestic Travel

While the TSA won’t require identification for kids under age 18, many airlines have policies in specific circumstances where some form of ID will be required. It’s vital to know about these outlier circumstances so you don’t come to the airport unprepared.

Young Infants

A number of airlines have rules that prohibit or limit newborns from flying. Airline rules differ, with some airlines like Delta prohibiting newborns under 7 days old from flying on any flights. Others set limits only on international travel, including Southwest which limits infants 14 days old or younger from flying on international flights. Most airlines allow young infants under their age limits, however, to fly with a letter of permission from a physician.

Related: Essential Tips for Your Baby’s First Flight

If you are traveling with a newborn, it’s highly advised to bring a document like a birth certificate for proof of age. And if you are looking for an exception to an age minimum of any sort, a physician’s letter is essential.

Lap Children

When you are flying with a child who will be sitting in your lap (permitted for kids under age 2), having identification to prove age may be required. Some airlines will allow younger infants to board with no ID, as it’s normally obvious that very small babies are not yet near the maximum age cutoff. Families with older babies toddling and speaking always should carry proof of age no matter what the airline. Airline employees can ask at any time for proof to make sure the child is young enough to travel as a lap child.

Related: What to Consider before Flying with a Lap Child

If you are flying Southwest Airlines, however, do not leave ID at home no matter what the age of your lap child. Southwest is the only US carrier that absolutely requires identification of any and every lap child regardless of how old they appear. You’ll need to show it at the ticket counter to obtain a boarding verification document (that works like a boarding pass) for the lap child.

Are there some instances where passengers haven’t had to show documentation for their children on Southwest? For sure. But I’ve flown with a lap child on Southwest more than a dozen times, and I can assure you that every time I had to show proof of age, even with a kiddo as young as 4 months! You don’t want to chance this.

Related: Complete Guide to Flying Southwest with Kids

What kind of identification works for lap children? A simple copy of a birth certificate will usually suffice. No need to rush to the DMV to get your tot a state-issued ID card.

Birth certificates can, however, can take awhile to obtain after a child is born. If you need to fly with a young infant domestically, most airlines will also accept hospital discharge documentation or vaccination records from a pediatrician’s office. The key is that the document have the child’s date of birth on it. When in doubt, if you cannot obtain a birth certificate, call the airline you are flying beforehand to confirm alternatives.

Unaccompanied Minors & Minors Traveling Solo

Another circumstance in which identification may be required for a child is in the case of children flying alone. Again, each airline’s policy is different.

In this situation, age really matters. All US airlines permit older teens (usually ages 15+ but sometimes younger) to fly solo just like adults. And most of them also allow younger kids (often ages 5-14) to fly as unaccompanied minors by paying a fee for limited supervision by airline employees. Depending on the child’s age and circumstances, different documentation can be required.

For older teens under age 18 flying truly solo and not with an unaccompanied minor program, ID is almost always required. Since many kids in this age range won’t have a driver’s license or official government photo ID yet, some airlines (like United) will accept other forms of identification like a birth certificates or student IDs. Other airlines (like Delta), however, require that 15-17 year olds flying solo have the same kind of photo ID that is required of adults. So if your child doesn’t have a driver’s permit or license yet, you’ll likely need to pack a passport.

Younger kids flying as an unaccompanied minor may need some identification as well. This also varies based on the airline and the circumstance. For example, when my son flew earlier this year as an unaccompanied minor on Southwest, I had to show ID as his parent, but I was not asked to show identification for him. Officially, however, Southwest’s policy is that parents may need to show proof of age for the minor. We probably weren’t asked because I booked under my son’s Rapid Rewards account that includes his date of birth (and he clearly appears to be within the age range of the program).

Most other US airlines won’t ask for ID for unaccompanied minors in straightforward situations, but the important thing to note is that they can . So the safest course of action is to at least carry a birth certificate. I put a birth certificate in my son’s backpack anyway, so we were prepared!

Here are links to the relevant age and ID policies that may apply to minors flying solo or as unaccompanied minors on each major US airline:

• Alaska Airlines
• American Airlines
• Delta Airlines
• Frontier Airlines
• Hawaiian Airlines
• JetBlue Airways
• Southwest Airlines
• Spirit Airlines
• United Airlines

Additional Identification Air Travel Tips

• When in doubt, bring it : I know from lots of digging around fine print on the internet that it’s sometimes impossible to get a definitive answer about identification. When in doubt, I highly recommend you err on the side of packing more than you need rather than less. A passport book is the gold standard. For domestic travel an original birth certificate (with the raised seal) can be helpful in many circumstances too.
• Keep extra copies on the cloud : Back in the pre-internet old days of travel, most of us traveled with extra passport copies in a separate bag in case we lost the original. In the digital age, having backups is easier than ever. I keep a copy on the cloud of passports and birth certificates for everyone in the family. That way, I can easily access everything on my phone in cases of emergency.
• Take extra precautions in case of child custody disputes and divorce : It’s crucial in situations of divorce or shared custody that parents have all of their legal ducks in a row before boarding a plane with their child, even for a simple hop across state lines. As a former attorney myself, I strongly suggest you consult your own legal counsel. Always make sure travel is permitted and that you know what additional documentation you need to bring to avoid any potential issues.

The post Do Kids Need ID to Fly? Travel Identification Info for Every Age appeared first on Trips With Tykes .

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Americans Are Leaving California and New York for This Southern U.S. State Instead

Pack your bags and head south.

Alexander Spatari/Getty Images

Americans are on the move, and it appears there's one state in particular we all want to be in.

ConsumerAffairs released a study analyzing data from more than 143,000 of its users who said they were looking to move between January 2023 and March 2024. It then used those numbers to calculate the net migration change between states to determine its rankings for which states people are looking to move to most. And it turns out, like in years past, everyone wants to move south. 

"According to our analysis, 8 out of the 10 states with the largest net gain of people are in the South," ConsumerAffairs wrote in its findings. It added that while they can't definitively say this is why, however, it added that the mass migration south "could coincide with a cheaper cost of living — 8 of the 10 cities that are cheapest to live in are also in the South." 

But Michael Basch, the founder of Oklahoma-based venture capital firm Atento Capital, added that it's likely much deeper than just the cost of living for most people — especially if you want to start a business. 

“If you weren't in Oklahoma, and you want to work at a startup or raise capital, you couldn't do so here so easily, let's say a decade ago — that's changed,” Basch said. “Also, if you’re on the coast and wanted to build a company but don’t want to move to San Francisco, there weren’t a lot of options. That’s changed as well.”

As for where, specifically, people are flocking to, the ever-popular snowbird state of Florida came in third place, which scored a net migration of 3,080 new citizens. It was topped by South Carolina in second, with a net migration of 3,094 people, and North Carolina in first, with a net migration of 3,529. 

The rest of the top 10 list includes Tennessee, Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, and Oklahoma.

And, as for where people are flying out of, California came in as the No. 1 state that people are moving out of, losing 10,453 people during this timeframe. It was followed by New York state, which lost 2,190, and New Jersey, which lost 1,849. Once again, ConsumerAffairs chalks up these losses to the extreme cost of living.

"California’s whopping net loss of 10,453 people may be due to its steep cost of living; cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco ranked near the bottom of our 2024 Cheapest Places to Live list," it reported. "New York City ranked at the very bottom of our Cheapest Places to Live list as the most expensive city to live in."

See the full list of spots people are moving to — which may give you a little inspiration of where to move to, as well — at consumeraffairs.com . 

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The 6 Very Best Induction Burners

In this article

• Best overall

Best less-expensive

Best professional, most portable, best high-end.

• Best double burner

If you’re looking to expand the capabilities of your home kitchen without getting a whole new stove, an induction cooktop can provide high heat without turning your kitchen into a sauna. It can also provide incredibly precise cooking and additional burner space, all with far less air pollution. As an apartment dweller and user of a subpar stove in my rental, having an induction cooktop in my home kitchen gives me more range in cooking. I use induction to maintain consistently simmering pots of beans that don’t scald the bottoms of my pots. I can slow-braise lamb shoulders on induction at specific temperatures, which can be difficult to achieve with a gas stove. I’ve placed an induction burner in the middle of my dining table for a hot-pot party. I’ve brought one with me to cook outdoors and to Airbnbs with inadequate cooking setups.

To find the best induction burner for every scenario, I tested several myself, preparing pots of pasta, searing pork chops, and making multiple stir-fries. I also spoke to chefs who use induction regularly. Whether they’re using portable induction burners for pop-ups or switching between gas and induction in restaurant kitchens, their exacting needs mean they have strong opinions that can help home cooks select the best options, too.

What we’re looking for

Portability.

Many chefs need to be able to easily move an induction burner around as needed in a restaurant kitchen. Home cooks also need that mobility and to be able to take it with them to cook outdoors or in a vacation rental, as well as to store it without too much hassle. The burners I tested ranged from 6 to 21 pounds, which means they’re all generally portable, but your comfort with a burner’s weight will depend on your strength and where you’re taking it.

Temperature range

Another appeal of induction burners is their ability to reach and maintain extremely low and extremely high temperatures, for some ranging from as low as 86 degrees Fahrenheit to almost 500 degrees. Lower temperatures are necessary for delicate tasks like melting chocolate, while higher temperatures can be used for searing meat or stir-frying.

Most of the burners I tested have between 10 and 12 temperature settings, but some models allow you to control the temperature of the burner down to a single degree.

While induction burners are generally small and portable, you need to know if a burner will fit your kitchen counter or dining room table. A smaller-size burner doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t place a large pan or Dutch oven on it. When simmering stews on low heat, you can still put a 12-inch Dutch oven on a model that’s 11 inches in diameter, but you’ll want to move it around just as you would on a gas burner, understanding that the heating element is going to be right below where you place the pan and that the heat will be more localized than with gas.

Different convection burners have different markings to help you center your cookware on the burner. I noted the style of markings, since some are etched and others are painted, which can sometimes wear over time and with use.

Best overall induction burner

Weight: 6.2 lb / Temperature range: 100-460°F / Number of temperature settings: 20 / Size: 11.4”D x 14”W x 2.5”H / Markings: Painted

With power modes ranging from 1 to 10 and the ability to program the burner to one of ten different specific temperature settings, this burner has many of the bells and whistles of more expensive units but still comes in under $125. Rebecca King , an L.A.-based culinary consultant who coordinates private chefs for celebrities and high-net-worth individuals, is partial to this Duxtop induction burner for its compact size, power, and ease of use. “I’ve had this burner for six years and I love how straightforward it is to use,” King says. She notes that on some other burners, buttons can be sensitive enough that they sometimes shut off without her noticing. In contrast, this Duxtop’s LCD buttons are responsive — but not overly so — and King likes the ten-hour timer and the boil button that automatically sets the unit’s power to the highest setting.

King likes the look of the burner as well, noting that it is sleek and minimalist, an important element if you’re leaving the burner on display in your kitchen, or, say, cooking for a fussy celebrity client.

Weight: 7 lb. / Temperature range: 180-450°F / Number of temperature settings: 10 / Size: 11.02”D x 14.17”W x 2.52”H / Markings: Painted

If you’re looking for an induction burner to use in your kitchen for high-temperature cooking, hosting hot-pot parties, and other fairly standard cooking endeavors, this affordably priced unit was the best one I tested under $60.

The Hamilton Beach is simple to use, with a clear control panel and a timer that goes up to 150 minutes. There’s a magnetic test strip built into the unit, which makes it easy to tell if a pan is induction compatible, a particularly useful feature for home cooks like me who might be switching between gas or electric and induction. The unit’s clean lines and flat top make it easy to clean with countertop spray and a damp cloth, and to store when not in use.

The biggest drawback of this unit is its minimum temperature, which at 180 degrees Fahrenheit is the highest of all these induction burners (and too high to melt chocolate without a double boiler). But if your aim with an induction burner is just to add a little flexibility to your kitchen, reduce your use of gas, or access high heat for a low price, this burner fits the bill.

I pulled the Hamilton Beach burner out to bring water to a boil for pasta, which it (like all the other burners on this list) accomplished faster than my gas stove. I also used it for frying, where the specificity of the temperature settings allowed me to set and maintain the perfect temperature, rather than constantly turning the heat up and down as I do on my gas stove. It was also easier to clean than my gas stove. For $55, this induction burner is a great starting option.

Weight: 6 lb / Temperature range: 120-500°F / Number of temperature settings: 12 / Size: 11.9 x 14.6 x 3 inches / Markings: Painted

As the name implies, this model has the heat intensity of a professional stove. It’s Top Chef star Jen Carroll’s pick for everything from content creation to cooking classes to private catering gigs.

“This is a super-high-power unit,” Carroll says. “It can boil water really quickly or reduce a sauce slowly, but I also like it a lot for a really good sear on steak or chicken.” Carroll often cooks in other people’s kitchens, and she depends on this unit rather than her clients’ stoves, which can be unpredictable. “When I first started using induction, I actually burned a lot of stuff because I wasn’t prepared for how powerful it is,” Carroll says. “So there is a little bit of a learning curve, but nowadays I use these units for basically everything.”

With a top temperature of 500 degrees Fahrenheit, higher even than the much-more-expensive Control Freak, this unit is your best bet to get a really good sear on steaks or to re-create the high-intensity heat of restaurant-style wok burners. Carroll has one of these units next to her home stove and uses it daily to boil water and keep soup warm.

Weight: 6 lb / Temperature range: 140-460°F / Number of temperature settings: 10 / Size: 11.5”D x 13”W x 2.5”H / Markings: Painted

This Duxtop model is the most lightweight of the units on this list, which makes it extra convenient for travel. The smallest of our burner options, it’s ideal for small spaces where you need to maximize storage. When Kiki Aranita, a professional chef and a senior editor at the Strategist, needs to bring several induction burners to a private gig or pop-up and can’t be bothered to pack up and carry her larger and heavier Breville Control Freak, this Duxtop unit is what she relies on. It’s so durable that she feels comfortable tossing it in the bottom of an Ikea bag filled with cooking tools for dinners around New York City. It’s sleek (no protruding knobs), so she isn’t too worried that it could be damaged when coming in contact with her tangle of ladles and tongs. Aranita also notes how easy this unit is to clean, since it has a flat glass top.

Though the Duxtop’s lowest temperature setting is higher than the 9600LS’s, it still comes in at a respectable 140 degrees Fahrenheit, which is low enough to use for a gentle simmer. The temperature control is not as precise as the 9600LS, so it’s best to keep an eye on this unit when cooking to avoid scalding and burning. For regular home-cooking tasks like searing meat, frying an egg, or boiling a pot of water, this induction cooktop works well.

Chef Christine Lau , a hot-pot fanatic, doesn’t own a dedicated device for a hot-pot, which she loves enjoying with friends at home. Rather, she uses the Duxtop . “I have two of these because I use them at events. It has a smallish footprint which you need so that it doesn’t take up all the space on the table. That space is prime real estate for hot-pot ingredients,” says Lau. She uses a Le Creuset Dutch oven as the actual pot, which she remarks is visually very pleasing when paired with a Duxtop.

Weight: 21 lb. / Temperature range: 86-482°F / Number of temperature settings: 397 / Size: 13.7 x 18.5 x 4.3in / Markings: None

When it comes to induction, there’s the Breville Control Freak, and then there’s everything else. This is the luxury sports car of induction burners, with all the bells and whistles you could imagine.

“You can set the Control Freak on a certain temperature and it will hold whatever is in the pot at that exact temperature,” says Aranita. She hosts regular events across New York City and sometimes the rest of the country, often traveling with a fleet of different induction burners. The Control Freak is what she uses for serving large groups of people, rigging up a frying station, making candy, or preparing other items that require very precise control. If you make candy at home or want the ability to hold stocks or sauces at an exact temperature for a long period, this is the burner for you.

While it is durable, Aranita noted that unlike some of the other options, the Breville has a temperature sensor in the center of the burner that can’t get wet. Because of its temperature precision, things are less likely to boil over, but the inner mechanism does make it slightly more fussy than our other picks, which are glass topped and extremely easy to wipe down. Still, Aranita says this is among her favorite kitchen tools.

“You have to treat it with a little more care, as you would have to treat a sports car with a little more care than, say, a Jeep,” she says. “But when it comes to temperature range and control, there’s nothing like it. With all the health concerns about gas-stove emissions, my husband and I covered up our gas stove and put our Breville on top. Not only is this more feasible than replacing the gas stove in an apartment we’re renting, but it also takes the guesswork out of cooking with gas at home.”

In addition to control down to a specific degree of the burner, the Breville has a temperature probe that can be inserted into a pot. You can also set the burner on a timer for up to 72 hours, longer than any other burner. It comes with a durable carrying case that makes it more portable, although this is the heaviest burner of the options I tested.

Best double-burner

Weight: 12.8 lb / Temperature range: 100-460°F / Number of temperature settings: 20 / Size: 4”D x 17.1”W x 25”H / Markings: Painted

If you’re looking at switching to induction at home without getting a new stove, or you know you’ll regularly be cooking with multiple pans , a double induction cooktop gives you range without needing more than one unit. This Duxtop double- burner cooktop is the same as my pick for best portable unit but adds a second burner. The unit has a total output of 1,800 watts, which means that when both burners are in use, they self-adjust to avoid exceeding this output. This setting prevents you from short-circuiting the unit or your home’s electric panel, but you’ll need to keep an eye on it. This is a great alternative to a stove, perfect for anyone who might be undergoing a kitchen renovation.

Our experts

• Kiki Aranita, chef at Poi Dog Sauces and senior editor at the Strategist • Jen Carroll, chef at Carroll Couture Cuisine • Rebecca King , culinary consultant and private chef agent • Christine Lau , chef and consultant

The Strategist is designed to surface the most useful, expert recommendations for things to buy across the vast e-commerce landscape. Some of our latest conquests include the best acne treatments , rolling luggage , pillows for side sleepers , natural anxiety remedies , and bath towels . We update links when possible, but note that deals can expire and all prices are subject to change.

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Biking Through Southern France, and History

The Canal du Midi traverses the Occitanie region and gives cyclists of all skill levels access to parts of France that are rich in lore, yet sometimes passed over by visitors.

By William Fleeson

The Canal du Midi, entirely hand-dug and hailed as an engineering marvel on completion in 1681, offers a refreshing alternate take on French travel: a bikeable path through the towns and landscapes of the country’s south. Traversing Occitanie, the canal gives cyclists of all skill levels access to parts of France that are rich in history, yet sometimes passed over by visitors with (only) Paris on their mind.

When I discovered that the canal was manageable for nonserious cyclists like me, I was hooked. Stretching from the city of Toulouse to the Mediterranean port town of Sète, the 150-mile waterway offers mostly flat cruising for the thousands of riders who take to its towpaths every year.

For nearly a week in July, I cycled upstream from Sète as far as Toulouse. I rented an electric bike and other gear from Paulette , a rental company that focuses on canal tourists . The rental totaled about $400. I also took advantage of the group’s super-convenient send-ahead luggage service. That lightened my load to take on the canal, its large and small towns, and its historical undercurrents. I wanted to see its famous écluses , or oval-shaped locks, and the idyllic country scenes on the way. I didn’t really plan ahead — as a novice, I didn’t know how far my legs could take me. Given my fluid schedule, I opted to find accommodation via the canal’s abundant tourist offices after arriving wherever I chose to stay the night.

Up a canal with a rented bike

The road from Sète starts at the sea. The former fishing town, where I picked up my bike as well as side bags for the essentials I wasn’t sending onward, ranks as a low-key favorite among French and foreign visitors. I pedaled southwest out of town on a Saturday morning, the shimmering Mediterranean to my left.

Starting at one end of the original canal helped me appreciate the ambition of the waterway’s visionary builder. Pierre-Paul Riquet, born in nearby Béziers in the early 1600s, conceived of the Canal du Midi as just one section of a Canal des Deux Mers — a “two-sea canal” — connecting the Mediterranean with the Atlantic, and stretching from Sète as far as Bordeaux.

Joining the two coasts would open up a lucrative alternate trade route to sailing around Spain and Portugal, and would develop French inland commerce in the process — mostly for the region’s salt, wheat and wine. But how to build a body of water from scratch? Riquet’s “canal of communication,” as he called the full project, would draw waters flowing south from the Montagne Noire, on France’s central uplands, and north from the foothills of the Pyrenees mountains that border Spain.

After years of planning, and an early, self-funded demonstration project, Riquet persuaded King Louis XIV to back the Canal des Deux Mers, with the Canal du Midi ending in Toulouse and the Canal de Garonne running from there to the northwest. It would become the largest construction zone in 17th-century France, after Versailles .

My first day on the canal, after clocking 28 miles and an embarrassing handful of wrong turns, I stopped for the night in Villeneuve-lès-Béziers, amid the start of Europe’s “ Cerberus ” heat wave. The town, heavy on Spanish influence, was holding a bull festival, with an event running the animals down the main thoroughfare. The stop showed me cultural elements from across France’s nearby border — an exchange the Canal du Midi has accelerated over three and a half centuries.

On Thomas Jefferson’s trail

Picking up the canal the next morning, I rode through 24 miles of vineyards, sunshine and more heat. If I was freewheeling in a literal sense, I was also mindful not to push too far, too hard, without firm plans for accommodation, given the sacrosanct weekend hours of a French summer Sunday.

At lunchtime I stopped in Le Somail, a hamlet that once served as a stop for canal travelers. Over a stone bridge made bright with flower boxes, I noticed a plaque in honor of Thomas Jefferson. The founding father traveled the canal as part of a three-month trip through France and Italy, stopping in Le Somail in May of 1787. In his notes from the journey, the 44-year-old Jefferson expressed a preference for solo travel. “One travels more usefully when they travel alone, because they reflect more,” he wrote. I was hoping for my own modest dose of Jefferson’s reflections.

The tourist office at Le Somail, with a surprisingly well-done adjacent exhibit on the canal, recommended the bed-and-breakfast Le Neptune , a few hundred yards away. Run by Dirk and Inge Demeulenaere — a retired Belgian couple who spoke Flemish to each other between conversations with guests — Le Neptune provided tasteful, 19th-century digs with funky modern accents, like Beatles posters and a bead screen with a likeness of Salvador Dalí. The couple served me breakfast on their verdant outdoor patio, then saw me off personally. I was glad to have stopped in Le Somail, as much for Jeffersonian surprises as for the unexpectedly sweet hospitality I received.

Castles and Cathars

The 34-mile ride from Le Somail to the next large city, Carcassonne, brought the trip’s most challenging terrain: hills, rough gravel and long stretches made narrow by weeds and overgrowth. In places the canal doubled back on itself, winding hairpins through fields and throwing off stop-and-gawk views from the waterway’s raised embankments. Despite the hard slog, the arrival in Carcassonne, and the medieval castle from which the town has enjoyed centuries of fame, made the difficulty worthwhile. The castle’s towers proved as dizzying as the day’s 99-degree high.

A settlement predating France’s Roman era, Carcassonne expanded during the 12th and 13th centuries via massive fortification projects, a response to wars between the kingdom of France and outsiders like the Albigensians and the Aragonese. The walled medieval city, whose old town is still inhabited, benefited from major conservation efforts in the 19th century. The result obliges every castle cliché, with teeth-like crenelated ramparts and towers with roofs shaped like witches’ hats. Costumed tour guides enhance the effect.

The development of Carcassonne’s castle also stems from the city’s role as a flashpoint in the religious history of southern France, notably through the Cathar religious movement, considered outside the bounds of traditional Catholicism. The 13th century brought to a head tensions between Cathars and local Catholic populations, resulting in sieges and executions across the region. Carcassonne and its castle counted among Cathar strongholds before French kings gradually absorbed the region into their sphere of control. I left Carcassonne with a fresh understanding of French history and places well outside the country’s more-touristed zones.

A quest for cassoulet

The next day required a shorter, 25-mile ride to the town of Castelnaudary. I had motivation to get there quickly: “Castel,” as locals call it, is home to cassoulet, France’s peerless pot of pork, duck, sausage and steaming white kidney beans. Between a lock keeper outside town, and the attendants at Castel’s tourist office, a restaurant called Chez David came recommended twice in an hour. I knew where I was headed for lunch.

The restaurant’s head chef, David Campigotto, could be dubbed the Guy Fieri of cassoulet: with a rock ’n’ roll aesthetic of piercings, tattoos and a goatee, his style is as bold as his gastronomy. I arrived at the restaurant as raucous blues music was playing from speakers overhead. Photos of guitars hung on the walls. Each table’s water jug was a repurposed bottle from Kentucky’s Bulleit bourbon distillery.

When my cassoulet came, the waiter ran down a well-polished summary of the dish’s process and ingredients. Even before the cooking begins, he said, the kidney beans soak in bouillon overnight. The pot then matures in the oven for six hours — “at least,” Mr. Campigotto told me, in a conversation after my meal. The meats and beans stew in their own juices and bring the dish to a coherent, and transporting, unity of flavors. The chef and some of his staff travel to Chicago most years for events with the prominent local chef and restaurateur Paul Kahan . Mr. Campigotto said he loves the city, where he plays the part of gastro-diplomat to scores of Chicagoans. He travels with his own kidney beans.

Toward the “Pink City”

Leaving Castelnaudary, the bike felt heavier. (Or was it just the cassoulet?) I rolled through sunflower fields and cooler weather on my final day, combined with a quick train ride — regional lines accommodate bikes and weary cyclists — for the final 39 miles to Toulouse. Along the way lay a geographic wonder: the Threshold of Naurouze , the dividing point between the Atlantic and Mediterranean watersheds. There, about 600 feet above sea level, the Canal du Midi’s water flow changes directions. A feeder stream from the Montagne Noire keeps the water even on either side. The last lock before Naurouze is the écluse de la Méditerranée; the first after it, the écluse de l’Océan, meaning the Atlantic. In this way the Canal du Midi captures a sense of France’s geography, and its breadth, between two seas.

Called the “Pink City” for its red stone and brick buildings, Toulouse, France’s fourth-largest city, often goes overlooked, perhaps given its distance from Paris. For cyclists from the canal or elsewhere, Toulouse is an eminently bikeable town: dedicated lanes for vélos run everywhere, with myriad signs and arrows to help. Paulette’s Toulouse office accepted my bike earlier than scheduled, with no fee or questions asked.

Now bike-free, I took in Toulouse for its sunny — and indeed, pink — splendor. The narrow rue Saint-Rome greeted pedestrians with brick facades and pastel-painted shutters. The Place du Capitole hosted restaurants and grand cafes, and had a street market on the day I visited. The Capitole building itself, with its red stone and white columns, houses the mayor’s office as well as the Toulouse opera.

Walking the city that evening, I saw in a state of happy fatigue the brilliant Capitole and other buildings. Toulouse, and the points of interest since my start in Sète, made cycling the Canal du Midi worth every pedaled mile.

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