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Australian Visa and Entry Requirements FAQs

Learn about visa requirements for entry to Australia for tourism purposes with this list of frequently asked questions. 

Please note this page is intended to provide general information only and does not constitute legal advice. Tourism Australia is not the Australian government visa granting authority. For information on visas to enter Australia, visitors should seek the most up-to-date information from Australian Government Department of Home Affairs .*

Ready to plan your trip? We're ready to welcome you! Here are some helpful tips for getting your visa sorted: 

• Be sure to secure the appropriate visa before travelling to Australia. Use the Visa Finder to explore your options.
• Ensure all details are correct and provide all required documents when you apply. An incomplete or incorrect application can delay your visa.
• Submitting multiple applications at the same time can slow the process. For visitor visas, submit one application per person, including children. 
• Questions? The Australian Government's Global Service Centre can help.

Australian Visa Information

Unless you are an Australian citizen, you will need a valid Australian visa to enter the country. New Zealand passport holders can apply for a visa upon arrival in the country. All other passport holders, regardless of age, must apply for a visa before leaving home. You can apply for a range of Australian visa types, including tourist visas and working holiday visas, via the ETA app or on the  Department of Home Affairs website.

There are different Australian visa types available for travellers to Australia. Knowing which Australian visa to apply for depends on the length of your stay, your passport and the purpose of your visit. You’ll also need to meet certain financial and medical requirements, be outside of Australia when applying and maintain health insurance for the duration of your stay. 

Electronic Travel Authority visa  (subclass 601) This visa allows you to visit Australia as many times as you want, for up to a year, and stay for three months each visit. This visa is available to passport holders from a number of countries and regions, who live outside Australia. A step-by-step guide on how to apply is  here .

All ETA-eligible passport holders must apply for an ETA using the Australian ETA app. Agents can assist you in the application process, but you must be physically present as a live facial image is required.

eVisitor  (subclass 651) This is a free visa for multiple visits to Australia for tourism or business purposes for up to three months at a time within a 12-month period. This visa is available to passport holders from a number of European countries and it cannot be extended.

Visitor visa  (subclass 600) The Visitor visa allows you to visit Australia, either for tourism or business purposes. It is open to all nationalities. Generally, a period of stay of up to three months is granted, but up to 12 months may be granted in certain circumstances. Applicants will have to pay a fee to submit their application.

The application process may differ depending on which visa you need.

You can only apply for the  Electronic Travel Authority visa  (subclass 601) through the Australian ETA app. A step-by-step guide on how to apply is located  here .

For other visas, you can apply online by creating an ImmiAccount and completing the application process. Be sure to submit your application well in advance of your travel date to allow enough time for processing. You may be asked to provide further supporting information. You will be notified in writing if your tourist visa is approved and it will be digitally linked to your passport. For more information on different visa types, and Australian visa requirements including how to apply for an Australian visa, visit the  Department of Home Affairs  website.

If you are already in Australia and hold a valid Electronic Travel Authority visa (subclass 601) you can extend your stay by applying for another visa, such as a Visitor visa (subclass 600). An eVisitor (subclass 651) cannot be extended.

See the Department of Home Affairs website for details.

Working Holiday Visas

Australia's Working Holiday Maker program allows visitors aged under 30 (or 35 in certain cases) who hold a passport from a participating country to travel and work in Australia. Working holiday visas are valid for one year, or up to three years if you meet certain conditions.

Find out more about working holiday visas here .

*Australian visa regulations (including visa application charges) change from time to time. The information provided here is valid at the time of publication, but visitors should check this information is still current by visiting the Australian Department of Home Affairs .

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Australia ETA Requirements for U.S. Citizens

Citizens of the Unites States can travel to Australia with a Subclass 601 Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) .

With an ETA, Americans can go to Australia on holiday, to visit family or friends , or to carry out some business activities .

If you’re a U.S. passport holder, you can find out below if you qualify for the ETA , and what you need to apply.

Do U.S. Citizens Need a Visa for Australia?

As a U.S. citizens, you need to apply for an ETA before your trip to Australia . The online application is quick and simple.

With an approved ETA, Americans can visit Australia multiple times in a 12-month period, for up to 3 months per stay.

To be eligible, U.S. passport holders must be travelling to Australia:

• For tourism, including to take a cruise
• To visit family or friends
• On business

If you are an American citizen and travelling for different reasons, or for longer than 3 months, you need a different type of Australian visa .

Which business activities are allowed in Australia with an ETA?

American business travellers can apply for an ETA for:

• General business enquiries
• Official government visit activities
• Negotiatiation, investigation, and entering a business contract
• Conferences, seminars, trade fairs (you must not be getting paid to take part)

Check the specific activities you wish to carry out are permitted with the ETA. To work in Australia, you must hold the relevant visa.

Conditions to apply for an Australia ETA from the United States

American citizens must meet a few eligibility requirements to apply for an ETA . You must:

1. Be a genuine visitor

This means you must only intend to stay in Australia temporarily, as per the conditions of the visa. Your ETA can be cancelled if you are found not to be a genuine visitor.

2. Meet health requirements

You must meet minimum health standards to ensure you’re not a risk to public health in Australia. A health examination could be requested.

3. Meet character requirements

If you have a criminal conviction , you’ll need to apply for a Visitor Visa (sublass 600) instead of an ETA.

How do I apply for an Australian visa from the USA?

Provided you meet the above requirements, you can bet started with your ETA application from the U.S . Here are the 3 steps to follow:

• Fill out the online ETA application form
• Review and submit your application
• Recevie the approved ETA by email

The information you need to provide includes name and date of birth, passport details, and basic travel information.

Make sure you provide accurate information , mistakes could delay your application or prevent it from being approved.

How long does it take to get an Australian visa from the U.S.?

Americans who are eligible for the Australian ETA benefit from fast processing and approval times .

Most applicants from the United States receive their approved ETA by within 2 days . Travellers are advised to apply as soon as possible before their trip in case of any unexpected delays.

Americans who require different type of visa such as a Visitor Visa should apply well in advance of their planned departure date.

Apply for a new ETA when your passport expires

The approved ETA will be linked digitally to your passport , you will not get a sticker in your passport.

You must apply for a new ETA if your current passport expires or you get a new passport. The passport you use to travel must have a valid ETA linked to it.

Register with the U.S. embassy in Australia

You can now register with the U.S. embassy in Australia when applying for an ETA. Select the Embassy Registration option when you reach the payment page and Australia Go eVisa will take care of the rest—no need to fill out additional forms.

Benefits include:

Safety and security notifications

The embassy can quickly contact and inform you if there are safety or security concerns, such as natural disasters, during your stay.

Assistance in emergencies

In the event of an emergency, the embassy or consulate can provide aid to U.S. citizens in Australia. This could include evacuation assistance or providing information on local resources.

Ease of communication

Registering helps family and friends get in touch with you if there is an emergency back home in the United States.

By enrolling you can enjoy greater peace of mind throughout your stay in Australia.

FAQ About  U.S. Citizens Traveling to Australia

How long can a us citizen stay in australia without a visa.

US citizens need to apply for an Electronic Travel Authority to enter Australia and remain for any length of time. American passport holders can stay in Australia for up to 90 days with the Australia ETA.

The Australia ETA is valid for short business trips and tourist activity in Australia. It is quick to apply for an ETA online, most applications are reviewed and approved within 24 hours.

The Electronic Travel Authority is valid for 12 months from the issue date and multiple trips of up to 3 months can be made throughout the year using the same travel permit.

Can US citizens obtain a visa on arrival in Australia?

Americans cannot get a visa on arrival in Australia. Australia does not issue visas on arrival , all visitors must obtain the relevant travel document before departure.

US passport holders going to Australia for tourism or business purposes must apply online for an ETA before beginning their journey.

With an Electronic Travel Authority, Americans can enter Australia and stay in the country for up to 3 months. The ETA application is quick to complete and processing is fast; many applications are approved within minutes.

US citizens are advised to apply for the Australia ETA at least 1 or 2 days before departure .

How can US citizens obtain an Australian ETA?

American passport holders can apply for the Australian ETA online . Applicants must meet all the ETA requirements to be eligible.

The first step to obtaining the visa is to complete the online ETA application form. Basic personal information such as the name, date of birth, and address of the applicant is required.

Americans should check the information they provide carefully before submitting a request as any mistakes could lead to delays and even rejection. The next stage in the process is to pay the ETA fees using a credit or debit card and submit the application for review.

Most ETA applications are processed within 24 hours . On approval, the authorisation is automatically linked to the applicant’s passport.

Passport validity and foreign visas

Can i use my current passport until it expires.

If you're in Australia and your current passport is valid when you renew, it will be cancelled. This means you will be unable to use it for travel. You should avoid travelling outside Australia using the expiring passport. If it’s cancelled while you’re overseas, you may be stuck without a valid passport.

When you apply to renew your passport, we recommend marking your old passport as a reminder that’s it’s no longer valid, for example, placing a sticker on its cover.

When you receive your new passport, you should:

• update travel bookings with your new passport number
• keep it separate from your old passport to avoid taking the wrong passport to the airport.

Other countries and airlines have passport validity rules that influence how you use your passport. For example, you can’t enter some countries if you have less than 6 months validity on your passport from the date you intend to leave that country. This may apply when you’re transiting or stopping over in the country.

Check your passport’s expiry date before you travel. If you’re not sure it will be valid long enough, consider renewing.

Visit Smartraveller.gov.au for trusted travel advice on safety and security issues, local laws and customs and entry requirements.

Can I use foreign visas from an old passport?

Many countries don’t accept visas in expired passports.  You may have to get new visas.  Keep in mind that some visas are electronic, and there may be no physical evidence of them in your passport. 

If you're planning to travel to the United States of America under the visa waiver program, you need to have a passport with an electronic chip. All current Australian passports, except  emergency passports , have an electronic chip.

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New procedures for Australians travelling to the USA

Media release.

From this Monday (12 January) Australians travelling to the United States of America will be required to follow new border entry procedures.

All Australian passport-holders eligible to travel to the US under that country's Visa Waiver Program must, before they travel, obtain approval through the US' Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA). This also applies to passport-holders from other countries participating in the Visa Waiver Program.

ESTA is an online system administered by the United States Government which determines the preliminary eligibility of visitors to travel under the Visa Waiver Program prior to boarding a carrier to the United States. ESTA has been operating on a voluntary basis since 1 August 2008 and will become compulsory on 12 January 2009.

The ESTA website is at: https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov/ . Prospective travellers will be required to provide basic biographic, travel and eligibility information online in order to receive authorisation prior to their departure. There is no charge to complete the application.

Most travellers can expect to receive authorisation within a few minutes. However, travellers are advised to complete an ESTA as soon as they begin to plan their travel, and at least three days in advance, to avoid any last-minute delays. Travellers who do not have a valid ESTA on or after 12 January 2009 may be denied boarding, experience delayed processing or be denied admission at a United States port of entry. Once granted, electronic pre-clearance will be valid for up to two years and for multiple-entry visits to the United States.

It is recommended that travellers keep a print-out or record of their ESTA application number for reference, if required, at airports or seaports.

Australian passport-holders who hold a valid visa for travel to the United States are not required to obtain an ESTA.

For more information, read the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade's travel bulletin "United States-New Entry Requirements" at www.smartraveller.gov.au which contains more detailed information about ESTA and links to the relevant US Government websites.

The United States offers a visa information service on 1800 687 844 (charges apply).

What is the Visa Waiver Program?

The Visa Waiver Program allows eligible visitors from Australia and other participating countries to travel to the United States for business or pleasure for 90 days or less without first obtaining a visa.

Media Enquiries: DFAT Media Liaison - 02 6261 1555

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United States of America

Latest update.

Exercise normal safety precautions in the United States of America.

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Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies, advice levels.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and protests are occurring due to the potential for unrest and violence. Monitor media for information, follow the instructions of local authorities and abide by any curfews.
• Violent crime is more common in the US than in Australia. Gun crime is also prevalent. If you live in the US, learn and practice active shooter drills.
• There is a persistent threat of mass casualty violence and terrorist attacks in the US. Be alert, particularly in public places and at events.
• Severe weather and natural hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, landslides, avalanches, hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms, extreme temperatures, wildfires, and floods. Monitor weather conditions and follow the advice and instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders.

Full travel advice:  Safety

• Medical costs in the US are extremely high. You may need to pay up-front for medical assistance. Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance.
• Make sure your vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel.
• Insect-borne illnesses and tick-borne ailments are a risk in parts of the US. Consider using insect and tick repellents.

Full travel advice:  Health

• Check local drug laws, including those related to the possession and recreational and/or medical use of marijuana. These vary between states. Penalties are severe and can include mandatory minimum sentences.
• Some prescription and over-the-counter medications readily available in Australia are illegal in the US. It's also illegal to possess prescription medication without a prescription. 
• The federal age for buying and drinking alcohol is 21, however, state laws regarding possession and consumption can vary. Check relevant state laws.
• Some states have laws restricting access to abortion and other reproductive health care services. Research local laws and consult your doctor before making any decisions about your medical care.
• There's no federal law that explicitly protects LGBTQIA+ people from discrimination. Some US states and localities have laws that may affect LGBTQIA+ travellers.
• Some US states apply the death penalty for serious crimes. The death penalty can also apply to serious federal offences, even if committed in states without capital punishment.

Full travel advice:  Local laws

• Entry requirements are strict. US authorities have broad powers to decide if you're eligible to enter and may determine that you are inadmissible for any reason under US law. Check US entry, transit and exit requirements. 
• If you're visiting for less than 90 days, you may be eligible to apply for an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) and enter the US under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). If not, you'll need to get a visa before you travel. Whether you're travelling on a visa or under the VWP, ensure that you understand all relevant terms and conditions before attempting to enter the US.
• Expect enhanced screening procedures, including for domestic flights within the US. You can be denied boarding if you show signs of illness.
• US authorities actively pursue, detain and deport people who are in the country illegally. Be prepared to show documents proving your legal presence. 
• Some US states require you to have an International Driving Permit (IDP) in addition to your Australian driver’s licence. Get your IDP before you leave Australia. Road rules vary between localities and states. Learn local traffic rules and driving conditions before you drive.

Full travel advice: Travel

Local contacts

• The  Consular Services Charter  tells you what the Australian Government can and can't do to help when you're overseas.
• Contact the  Australian Embassy in Washington DC  or the nearest Australian Consulate-General ( Chicago ,  Honolulu ,  Houston ,  Los Angeles ,  New York  or  San Francisco ) for consular assistance.
• Monitor the Embassy, Consulates-General and Smartraveller social media channels for information, alerts and updates relating to natural disasters, severe weather events and other significant incidents impacting the US.

Full travel advice:  Local contacts

Full advice

Civil unrest and political tension, demonstrations and protests.

Avoid areas where demonstrations and protests are occurring due to the ongoing potential for unrest and violence.

• Monitor the media for information and updates.
• Follow the instructions of local authorities and abide by any movement restrictions or curfews. 

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Violent crime

Guns, gun violence and violent crime are more prevalent in the US than in Australia.

Mass shootings, active shooter events and hate crimes occur, including violent incidents directed towards the LGBTQIA+ community and individuals and groups from diverse cultural, linguistic, ethnic and religious backgrounds. 

Familiarise yourself with how to respond by reading the US Department of Homeland Security's (DHS)  Active Shooter Event guide . 

We don't update our advice for individual gun crimes, such as mass shootings or active shooter events unless Australians face a significant risk.

According to the latest official crime statistics from the  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) , violent crime rates vary across the country but are highest in cities and urban areas. 

Even in cities with relatively low violent crime rates, there can be unsafe and no-go areas.

To protect yourself from violent crime:

• research your destination(s) before travelling and seek local advice on areas that may be unsafe
• monitor the media for new and emerging safety risks
• stay vigilant and take particular care when moving through unfamiliar and/or potentially unsafe areas, particularly at night

If you're affected by violent crime, follow advice from local authorities. If you require consular assistance, contact your nearest Australian embassy or consulate (see Local contacts). 

Petty crime

Tourists are often targeted for  pickpocketing and purse-snatching . This can happen anywhere but is more prevalent in crowded areas and on public transport.

Conceal your valuables. Pay close attention to your personal belongings and only carry what you need. Leave other valuables in a secure location.

Rental cars can be easy to spot and are often a target of thieves. Don't leave valuables on display or unattended in a vehicle, including in the boot.

Kidnapping can happen anywhere, anytime, including in destinations that are typically at lower risk. The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers. 

More information: 

• Kidnapping  

Cyber security

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas  

Terrorism is a threat worldwide. 

The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) maintains the  National Terrorism Advisory System , a public alert system to communicate information about current and potential terrorist threats in the US. 

Threats include those posed by individuals and small groups motivated by a range of ideological beliefs or personal grievances, as well as those inspired by other recent attacks.

Attacks can be indiscriminate, including at public events, on public transport, schools and in other places where crowds gather.

Subscribe to  National Terrorism Advisory System  for updates and advice. 

To reduce your risk of being involved in a terrorist incident:

• be alert to possible threats in public places and near known potential targets
• report any suspicious activity or items to the police
• monitor the media for new or emerging threats
• take official warnings seriously
• follow advice from local authorities

If there's an attack, leave the affected area as soon as it's safe to do so. 

• Terrorist threats

Climate and natural disasters

Natural disasters  and  severe weather  events regularly impact the US. These include:

• earthquakes ,  volcanic eruptions  and  tsunamis
• landslides and avalanches
• hurricanes , severe thunderstorms and  tornadoes
• winter storms (freezing rain, heavy snow, blizzards)
• extreme temperatures

Monitor the Embassy, Consulates-General and Smartraveller social media channels for information, alerts and updates relating to severe weather events and natural disasters impacting the US (see  Local contacts ).

Before travelling, 

familiarise yourself with the risks of natural disasters and severe weather events at your destination(s). 

Register with the  Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS)  to receive alerts and notifications about major disasters. 

Preparedness

In the event of a natural disaster, our ability to provide consular assistance may be limited.

Prepare yourself by: 

• securing your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• subscribing to emergency alert systems and monitoring local media and other sources for developments, important updates and additional pertinent information
• following the advice of local authorities

Ready.gov  and the  American Red Cross  also provide information on preparing for natural disasters, severe weather events and other emergencies.

Anticipate disruptions before, during and after a natural disaster(s).

• Flights into and out of affected areas may be diverted, delayed or cancelled
• Other forms of travel may be impacted
• Adequate shelter might not be available
• Essential services such as water, electricity, internet and mobile phone services may be disrupted.

Keep in contact with family and friends and let them know you're safe.

Register with the American Red Cross via its Safe and Well website or mark yourself ‘safe’ on social media using the American Red Cross  Emergency! app  for mobile devices.

Severe weather

Severe weather  can occur year-round in the US.

Monitor the  US National Weather Service (NWS)  for forecasts, updates and severe weather alerts and warnings. 

Hurricanes  are powerful tropical storms that routinely impact the east coast, Gulf Coast, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. 

While hurricanes have been known to form in every month of the year, peak activity occurs from May to November.

If you travel during hurricane season, check weather reports and closely monitor the  NWS National Hurricane Center  website. 

The direction and strength of hurricanes can change with little warning. Hurricanes can also reach hundreds of miles inland, causing dangerous conditions, widespread damage and disruption to essential services in areas far from the coast.

If a hurricane or tropical storm is approaching, prepare early by following the advice for natural disasters above.

Tornadoes  can occur in all 50 US states but are most frequent and attain the highest intensities across the Central Plains and parts of the Midwest. 

They're also common in the rain bands of hurricanes and tropical storms.

Tornadoes can strike with little warning and cause catastrophic damage, with wind speeds sometimes up to 500km per hour (300 mph).

While tornadoes can form at any time of year, they are more common in the warmer months between March to September. 

If you're living in or travelling through an area prone to tornadoes, familiarise yourself with warning signals and emergency procedures and monitor the  NWS Storm Prediction Center's  website.

After a disaster

Travelling to areas affected by natural disasters and severe weather events can be dangerous. 

If you plan to travel to a region after a natural disaster, check with your transport operator that services are operating.

Contact the place you intend to stay and check other sources for details on local conditions.

Travel insurance

Get comprehensive  travel insurance  before you leave.

There is no reciprocal health care agreement in place between Australia and the US, your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care. A visit to a doctor for even a minor issue can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars, and you may be asked to show proof of insurance or your ability to pay before receiving treatment.

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away
• that your insurance covers any pre-existing medical conditions.

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need.

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (HealthDirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. 

If you plan to bring medication with you, check whether it's legal in the US. Take enough legal medication to last the duration of your trip. 

Some medications may be considered illegal or controlled substances, even if available over the counter or by prescription in Australia. It's also illegal to possess any prescription medication in the US without a prescription.

If possible, keep your medication in its original container and carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use
• US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) - Travelling with Medication
• US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Health risks

Insect and tick-borne diseases.

Various  insect-borne illnesses  can occur throughout the US, including West Nile virus and viral encephalitis (multiple types).

Sporadic outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya virus and zika have also occurred in the US (including Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands).

Research your destination and get local advice before you travel.

To protect yourself:

• ensure that your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

Tick-borne ailments  such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Ehrlichiosis and Powassan virus are also present. 

Check for ticks after being outdoors, especially in tall grasses and wooded areas.

• Infectious diseases
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention   (CDC)

Other health risks

Further information about health risks in the US, including communicable diseases and preventative measures, is available from the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) .

Medical care

While the standard of hospitals and healthcare facilities in the US is similar to Australia, medical costs are significantly higher.

A visit to a doctor for even a minor issue can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars and you may be asked to show proof of insurance or your ability to pay before receiving treatment.

Get comprehensive  travel insurance  before you leave Australia and make sure that it covers you for the duration of your trip, for all activities you intend to undertake, for any pre-existing medical conditions and for all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation.  

The Australian Government won’t cover these costs and there's no reciprocal health care agreement between Australia and the US. This means that you aren’t covered by Australian Medicare in the US. 

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you in accordance with our  Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Federal and state laws for drug-related offences vary, including laws related to the possession and recreational and/or medical use of marijuana (cannabis).

Penalties for drug-related offences can be severe and often include minimum mandatory sentences.

Some medications readily available in Australia are illegal or considered controlled substances in the US, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor. 

It's also illegal to possess any prescription medication without a prescription. See  Health .

• Carrying or using drugs
• US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) - Travelling with Medication

The federal legal age for buying and drinking alcohol is 21 years old. State laws regarding the possession and consumption of alcohol can vary. Check the relevant state laws.

No federal law explicitly protects LGBTQIA+ people from discrimination, and not all state and local non-discrimination laws include protections based on sexual orientation or gender identity. 

Some states and localities have laws that may discriminate against or otherwise affect LGBTQIA+ travellers. Check relevant state and local laws.

• Advice for LGBTI travellers
• US Human Rights Campaign

Abortion and reproductive health

Some US states have laws restricting access to abortion and other reproductive health care services. 

Research local laws and always consult your doctor before making any decisions about your medical care.

• Center for Reproductive Rights: Abortion Laws by State

International surrogacy

Surrogacy laws  can be complex. Get legal advice before you agree to an arrangement.

Some US states apply the death penalty for serious crimes. The death penalty can also apply to some serious federal offences, even if committed in states without capital punishment.

• Death Penalty Information Center

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you’re overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual citizenship

The US recognises dual nationality. 

If you're a US dual national, you must:

• travel with both your Australian and US passports
• use your US passport to enter and exit the US and its territories
• use your Australian passport to enter and exit Australia.
• Dual nationals
• US Department of State - Bureau of Consular Affairs

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

The US has strict entry requirements. US authorities won't allow you to enter the country if you don't comply.

If you're visiting the US for less than 90 days, you may be eligible to:

• apply for an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) and
• then enter under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP)

Otherwise, you'll need to get a visa before you travel.

Visa and other entry and exit conditions, including currency, customs and quarantine rules, can change at short notice. Contact your nearest  US Embassy or Consulate  for the latest details.

• US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) - ESTA
• US Department of State - Visa Information

Visa-free travel for short stays

If you plan to visit the US for less than 90 days, you may be able to travel under the VWP. This includes travel to the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.

The VWP is intended for short, infrequent visits to the United States and can be used by tourists and business travellers. Conditions apply. 

Ensure you know all terms and conditions before applying for your ESTA and attempting to enter the US under VWP.

If you don't satisfy US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials at your port of entry that you're entitled to be admitted under the VWP, you may be denied entry and detained. 

You can't enter the US under the VWP if you have:

• been denied an ESTA or denied previous entry under the VWP
• been denied a US visa
• an emergency passport, document of identity or  Provisional Travel Document
• a criminal record
• been arrested but not convicted
• dual citizenship with Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Sudan or Syria
• travelled to Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria or Yemen since 1 March 2011, with limited exceptions
• travelled to Cuba since 12 January 2021 (see ‘Travel to Cuba’ below).

Before you can travel under the VWP, you must apply and be pre-approved via the ESTA.

US authorities recommend applying as soon as you know you'll be travelling. ESTA approvals can take up to 72 hours.

ESTAs are valid for 2 years and for multiple entries.

You'll need to apply for a new ESTA if:

• you renew your passport within the 2 years and/or
• your VWP eligibility changes

If there are differences between your ESTA, passport or ticket information, you could be:

• referred for secondary inspection (where a CBP officer may interview you) and/or
• refused entry

If your ESTA application is denied, you must apply for a visa from a  US Embassy or Consulate .

US authorities generally won't tell you why your ESTA application was rejected, and you can't appeal their decision. 

If you provide false or incorrect information on an ESTA, you may be permanently banned from future travel to the US.

If your ESTA application is denied or, you're not eligible to travel under the VWP, or you intend to stay for more than 90 days, you'll need to apply for a visa from a  US Embassy or Consulate .

The category of visa you need to apply for will depend on your reason for travel.

• Embassy of the United States of America in Australia

Entry into the US

An approved ESTA or valid visa allows you to board a US-bound plane or vessel or request entry at a land border. It doesn't guarantee entry to the US.

US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials at the port of entry will decide if you can enter the country.

Entry requirements are strict. Authorities have broad powers when deciding if you're eligible to enter and may determine that you are inadmissible for any reason under US law.

At the port of entry, be prepared to answer questions about:

• the purpose of your visit
• how long you plan to stay
• where you will stay
• your ties to Australia

Officials may ask to  inspect your electronic devices , emails, text messages or social media accounts. If you refuse, they can deny your entry.

Whether you enter the US under the VWP or on a visa, you'll likely need to have:

• an onward or return ticket that doesn't terminate in Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean unless you're a resident of one of those countries, and,
• proof you have enough money to support yourself during your stay

You can be refused entry if you provide false information or can't satisfy the officials you're visiting for a valid reason.

You may be held at the port of entry or a nearby detention facility while US authorities arrange for you to be returned to Australia (or the last country you visited).

If you're refused entry under the VWP, you generally don't have the right to an attorney or to appeal the decision.

The Australian Government cannot intervene on your behalf, and our ability to provide consular assistance in these circumstances may be limited.    

Arrival and departure record (Form I-94)

When you arrive at the port of entry, US authorities will determine your admissibility and decide when you must leave the country. This date may be different from the expiry date of your ESTA or visitor visa.

A US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) official should:

• stamp your passport and write the date by which you must leave the US 
• issue you an electronic Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record)

Your I-94 is evidence of your legal status in the US and shows the date by which you must leave the country.

You can  check your I-94 with CBP  each time you enter the US.

If you stay past your I-94 expiry date, you can be detained, deported and banned from re-entering the US.

Renewing your I-94 and/or extending your stay 

You can't extend or renew your I-94 by travelling to Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean for 30 days or less and then re-entering the US.

If you travel to Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean and return to the US while your I-94 is still valid, you'll be readmitted for the amount of time left on it.

If your I-94 has recently expired and US authorities think the purpose of your trip outside the US was only to be issued a new I-94 to extend your stay in the US, they can:

• refuse you entry
• detain and deport you

If you're on a visa and need to extend your stay in the US, lodge a request with US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) on  Form I-539  before your I-94 expires.

VWP entrants are generally not eligible to extend their stay beyond 90 days or change their status.

If a serious emergency, such as hospitalisation, prevents you from departing before your I-94 expires, USCIS has the discretion to grant you additional time to leave. This is known as 'satisfactory departure'.

For further information, see  Immigration Relief in Emergencies or Unforeseen Circumstances . 

To request satisfactory departure, contact the  USCIS Contact Center .

Health-related requirements

US authorities may still deny boarding any US-bound traveller showing signs of illness.

Expect enhanced screening procedures, including for domestic flights within the US.

For further information regarding precautions to take before and during travel to the US and after arrival, visit the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (CDC) website.

Other formalities

You'll have your fingerprints scanned and your face photographed when you arrive in the US.

• US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) - Biometrics

Children of all ages must have their own ESTA approval or US visa.

US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) requires children under 18 years of age travelling alone or with only one parent or legal guardian to carry a letter of consent signed by both the travelling and non-travelling parent/s or guardian/s to help prevent delays due to further questioning at ports of entry and departure. CBP recommends that the letter is notarised.

• Advice for people travelling with children

Travel to Cuba

The US enforces restrictions on travel to Cuba. This applies to anyone under US jurisdiction, including Australians who live or work in the US.

The US designated Cuba a ‘State Sponsor of Terrorism’ on 12 January 2021.  If you’ve travelled to Cuba since 12 January 2021, you're not eligible to participate in the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) and must apply for a visa to enter the US (see ‘Visa-free travel for short stays’ above). 

If you enter the US under the VWP and then travel to Cuba, you won’t be able to re-enter the US under the VWP. You’ll have to apply for a US visa, even if you’ve arranged to just transit the US to fly back to Australia.

If you have a US visa and plan to visit the US after you’ve been to Cuba, you’ll also need documents to prove the purpose of your trip. Immigration officials may question you at the port of entry. 

• Travel advice for Cuba

Immigration enforcement

US authorities actively pursue, detain and deport people who are in the country illegally.

It’s common for US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers to carry out random travel document checks, including on public transport.

If you’re a tourist or visitor, be prepared to show your passport and entry stamp, ESTA or valid US visa, and a copy of your electronic  Form I-94 .

If you're living in the US but not a US citizen, be prepared to show proof of legal residence, such as a US permanent resident card, valid US visa and electronic Form I-94, and US driver's licence issued by the state in which you live. 

Australians entering the US on their Australian passport need only have a passport valid for their intended period of stay. However, different rules may apply in countries you plan to transit or stop in on your way to or from the US. 

Be sure to check the entry requirements of all countries you intend to transit or visit on your trip. 

Some countries won't let you enter or transit unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. 

You may be denied boarding and become stranded in these countries if your passport isn't valid for more than 6 months.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting  a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the  Australian Passport Information Service .
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest  Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with X gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can't guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. 

Contact the nearest  embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination  before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.

• LGBTI travellers

The local currency is the United States Dollar (USD).

Declare all amounts over USD $10,000 (or its foreign equivalent) on arrival and departure. This covers all forms of currency, not only US dollars and not only cash. Failing to do so is a serious violation and can result in the seizure and forfeiture of your money. Criminal penalties can also apply. 

Banks and ATMs are widespread throughout the US, and currency exchange services are available in most major cities and airports.

Major credit cards are almost universally accepted. Contactless and mobile payment options are also readily available, particularly in cities and at most major retailers. 

Local travel

Road travel.

Speed limits and road rules vary between states and localities within states.

If you plan to drive in the US:

• learn local traffic laws before you drive
• pay close attention to signs and other posted regulations
• check weather conditions before a long journey
• be cautious of snowfall in mountainous or isolated areas
• take extra water when driving through dry desert areas and in areas in which petrol stations can be scarce 
• Driving or riding
• Information for foreign nationals driving in the US

Driver's licences and International Driving permits (IDP)

While some US states will allow you to drive on your Australian driver's licence for a limited time, others require you to also have an International Driver's Permit (IDP).

You should obtain an IDP before you leave Australia.

Some rental car companies also require you to have an IDP.

Contact your rental car company and the motor vehicle department in each US state you intend to drive for further information. 

Driving without an IDP where one is required can void your travel and vehicle insurance. 

• US State Motor Vehicle Departments

Motorcycles

You need a motorcycle licence to operate a motorcycle in the US.

Check with your travel insurer whether your policy covers you when using a motorbike, quad bike, ATV or similar vehicle, and always wear a helmet.

Electrically-powered personal vehicles

Rules relating to electric transportation, such as e-bikes and e-scooters, vary between localities. Learn local laws before hiring or using these items.

Check with your travel insurer whether your policy covers you when using electric transportation, and always wear a helmet.

Taxis are plentiful in most cities and generally safe to use. Ridesharing options are also widely available.

Take the same safety precautions that you would in Australia.

The US is home to most of the major cruise lines and some of the world's busiest cruise ports. 

Popular destinations for cruises originating and returning to or terminating in the US include Alaska, Florida, the Caribbean and Central and South America. 

Before embarking on a cruise, take steps to be prepared and reduce the risk of things going wrong. This includes choosing a travel insurance policy that covers you for cruising and any activities you do on shore. This will help you have a safe and hassle-free journey.

If you're embarking on a round-trip cruise to Canada, Mexico and/or the Caribbean, make sure your passport, ESTA or visa and I-94 will allow you to re-enter the US (see Visas and border measures).

• Going on a cruise

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check  USA's air safety profile  with the Aviation Safety Network.

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Consular contacts

Read the  Consular Services Charter  for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular assistance, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate. 

Check the embassy or consulate websites for details about opening hours and any temporary closures. 

Australian Embassy, Washington DC

Contact the Australian Embassy in Washington DC if you're in:

• District of Columbia
• Mississippi
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• West Virginia

Australian Embassy 1601 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington DC 20036

Phone: +1 202 797 3000 Website:  usa.embassy.gov.au Facebook:  facebook.com/AusInTheUS   X:  twitter.com/AusInTheUS

Australian Consulate-General, Chicago

Contact the Consulate-General in Chicago if you're in:

• North Dakota
• South Dakota

Australian Consulate-General, Chicago 123 North Wacker Drive, Suite 1330 Chicago IL 60606

Phone: +1 312 419 1480 Website:  usa.embassy.gov.au Facebook:  facebook.com/AusCGChicago Instagram:  instagram.com/auscgchicago/

Australian Consulate-General, Honolulu

If you're in Hawaii, contact the Consulate-General in Honolulu.

Australian Consulate-General, Honolulu Penthouse, 1000 Bishop Street Honolulu HI 96813

Phone: +1 808 529 8100 Website:  usa.embassy.gov.au Facebook:  facebook.com/AustralianConsulateGeneralHNL X:  twitter.com/AusCGHonolulu

Australian Consulate-General, Houston

Contact the Consulate-General in Houston if you're in:

Australian Consulate-General, Houston 3009 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 1310 Houston TX 77056

Phone: +1 832 962 8420 Website:  usa.embassy.gov.au

Australian Consulate-General, Los Angeles

Contact the Consulate-General in Los Angeles if you're in:

• southern California
• southern Nevada

Australian Consulate-General, Los Angeles 2029 Century Park East, 31st Floor Los Angeles CA 90067

Phone: +1 310 229 2300 Email:  [email protected] Website:  usa.embassy.gov.au Facebook:  facebook.com/AustralianConsulateGeneralLA X:  twitter.com/AusConsulateLA Instagram:  instagram.com/ausconsulatela

Australian Consulate-General, New York

Contact the Consulate-General in New York if you're in:

• Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• Puerto Rico
• the Virgin Islands of the United States

Australian Consulate-General, New York 150 East 42nd Street, 34th Floor New York NY 10017

Phone: +1 212 351 6500 Website:  usa.embassy.gov.au Facebook:  facebook.com/AustralianConsulateGeneralNYC Instagram:  instagram.com/ausconsulateny

Australian Consulate-General, San Francisco

Contact the Consulate-General in San Francisco if you're in:

• northern California
• northern Nevada
• Washington State

Australian Consulate-General, San Francisco 575 Market Street, Suite 1800 San Francisco CA 94105

Phone: +1 415 644 3620 Email:  [email protected] Website:  usa.embassy.gov.au

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy or consulate, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia

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Update April 12, 2024

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• Travel Updates

Aussie passport second most expensive in world

A graph has revealed just how expensive the Aussie passport is compared to other countries from around the world — does it surprise you?

Missing travellers rescued from Aussie outback

Aussies warned over Euro summer of chaos

Photo of men standing on rock sparks outrage

Aussies already lay claim to having one of the most powerful passports in the world — and according to new research, the second most expensive.

In three months, the cost of the Australian passport is set to increase by 15 per cent, meaning those who plan on purchasing the ten-year travel document will have to pay almost $400, up from $346.

In January, the fee increased per standard inflation price indexing that occurs each year – and will jump up again on July 1 to exactly $397.90 as the federal government puts up fees.

If you require priority processing, it’s another $252. So, if you’re planning on renewing your passport, it’s best to do so before July to avoid paying the extra $54 fee.

Compare the Market Australia revealed the Aussie travel document is the second most expensive passport in the world, based on price, years valid and power — and surprisingly, it has the second-lowest value per visa-free country – despite its relatively high ranking in the Henley Index.

According to Compare the Market Australia’s latest research, Mexico ranked first at $353.90 for its 10-year passport, while the six-year and three-year passports were fourth and ninth most expensive respectively.

The data found Australia’s passport is almost $100 more expensive than the next-most expensive passport on the list (belonging to the USA at $252.72).

For comparison, the New Zealand passport (the fifth most expensive on the list) costs $193.72.

Meanwhile, passports for the United Arab Emirates, India, and Hungary were the three cheapest on the list at $27.13, $27.70 and $31.78, respectively.

Compare the Market’s executive general manager of General Insurance, Adrian Taylor, said the study revealed the importance of keeping your travel documents safe while overseas. “Damage, loss or theft of your passport is an unfortunate risk many people face while overseas,” Mr Taylor said.

“It is important to stay vigilant and take care of these vital documents, as even minor damage can stop you from travelling in some instances.”

And he’s not wrong. Several Aussies have been knocked back from visiting places like Bali.

One woman was turned away from her flight to Denpasar last month just hours prior to boarding after revealing she has a small tear in the spine of the document.

Another woman bound for Bali discovered water damage on the document, which ultimately led to her having to fork out hundreds of dollars more for an express replacement.

Mr Taylor warned if your passport is lost, damaged or stolen while overseas, it is important to contact the relevant authorities as fast as possible.

“[As] in some cases you could be charged or fined if you cannot present appropriate and valid identification.”

Meanwhile, with the Aussie passport fee set to increase, which works out to be just $33 over a 10-year period, a Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) spokesperson said it comes with good reason.

More Coverage

“The increase to passport fees will support priority initiatives within the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio, including the government’s efforts to modernise Australia’s passport systems and services,” the spokesperson said.

“It has a high level of technological sophistication, backed by rigorous anti-fraud measures, which ensures its integrity. This is a key reason why Australian passport holders currently receive visa-free access to over 100 countries.”

The one-off July 1 fee increase is set to raise $349 million over a three-year period.

A group of travellers have been rescued in the Aussie outback after becoming stranded with their vehicle in remote terrain.

A number of European hotspots have begun a controversial measure that will affect everyone planning a long-awaited soiree in the northern hemisphere sun.

A photo of three young men standing on a rock in the Queensland bush has sparked furious controversy online.

These are the world's most expensive passports

A new Australian passport will set you back $346, but from July the fee will rise by 15 per cent.

While the essential identity document ensures visa free travel to many countries, does it represent good value?

Research company Compare the Market AU compared the cost with other nations' passports. Here are the top 10.

Pacific island tourist hotspot Fiji is at number 10. Fijians must pay a fee of $142 for a passport. It enables them to travel visa-free to only 80 nations.

9.Mexico (three years)

Mexico issues three types of passport. Its three-year version costs $148.65. For that fee, its citizens can visit 162 countries visa free.

8. United Kingdom

British passport holders faced a swathe of extra red tape for entry to Europe after the country's historic Brexit vote.

But for the price of $159, a UK passport offers visa free travel to 192 destinations.

A 10-year Canadian passport costs $181.41.

The travel document gives its citizens non-visa travel to 189 nations.

A passport in Italy, part of the 27-nation European Union bloc, costs $191.36.

For that sum, Italians can enjoy visa-free journeys to 194 destinations.

5. New Zealand

Kiwis have to pay $193.72 for their passports which provide visa free travel to 190 countries.

4. Mexico (six year version)

Even if they choose just a six-year passport, Mexicans must fork out $202.

3. United States

Americans must fork out $252.72 for a 10-year passport.

It allows visa-free entry to 189 countries, just one less than Aussie passports.

2. Australia

The familiar blue Australian passport is in second place.

Lasting 10 years, its costs a pricey $346, but from July the fee will jump by 15 per cent..

For that amount you can visit 190 nations without the need for a visa.

1. Mexico (10 years)

Mexico's 10-year passport is in top spot for the world's costliest at $353.90.

It offers visa-free travel to 162 countries.

While that seem quite a few, it's well below cheaper ones issued by other nations.

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Here's when you need (and don't need) a passport to cruise.

It's the type of sailing – closed-loop or open-loop – that largely determines whether or not you need a passport to cruise.

Do You Need a Passport for a Cruise?

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A passport isn't always required for cruising.

To determine whether or not you need a passport to cruise, you first need to figure out if the itinerary is closed-loop or open-loop (also known as open-jaw).

Closed-loop cruise: A closed-loop cruise typically doesn't require a passport since it begins and ends in the same U.S. port (though there are some exceptions to this rule).

Example: Royal Caribbean International 's seven-night Western Caribbean & Perfect Day cruise stops in several countries – the Bahamas, Jamaica, Haiti and Grand Cayman – but the itinerary is considered closed-loop because it starts and ends in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Open-loop cruise: An open-loop cruise begins in one U.S. port and ends in a different U.S. port.

Example: Carnival Cruise Line 's 16-day Panama Canal from Seattle itinerary is not considered closed-loop because it departs from Seattle and completes its journey in New Orleans.

All of the above regulations have been determined by the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative: a plan by the departments of State and Homeland Security that determines which documents are acceptable for proving identity and citizenship when entering the United States.

Where to cruise without a passport

There are several destinations where you can cruise without a passport on a closed-loop sailing. They include the following:

• The Bahamas

When looking at cruises to these locations, be mindful of the home ports. The Bahamas, Mexico, Bermuda, the Caribbean and Canada are all foreign ports, which means they only qualify for the passport exception if they are a stop along your cruise itinerary . If the cruise originates in any of these countries, it is likely you will need a passport.

Since Alaska, Hawaii and New England are all U.S. destinations, any closed-loop routes departing from these locations will not require a passport. However, keep in mind that it can be hard to find closed-loop cruises originating in Hawaii or Alaska.

To find closed-loop itineraries for a Hawaiian voyage or Alaskan cruise , try searching for sailings departing from major cities on the West Coast, like Seattle or Los Angeles . By contrast, quite a few closed-loop cruises leave from New England ports, but they are often marketed as Canadian cruises.

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When you need a passport for closed-loop cruises

Some cruise itineraries include foreign ports that require a passport for disembarkation. This is most commonly an issue for travelers on a closed-loop Caribbean cruise. Barbados , Guadeloupe , Haiti, Martinique , St. Barts , and Trinidad and Tobago all require U.S. citizens to present a valid passport to disembark and enter the country, despite WHTI regulations not requiring a passport for these destinations. Labadee, Royal Caribbean's private island , is an exception and does not require a passport despite its location in Haiti.

If your itinerary includes a country requiring a U.S. passport, your cruise line will require you to have the passport at check-in. Note that your passport must not expire within six months of your arrival in a foreign country or else it won't be considered valid for international travel.

Read: The Easiest Way to Renew Your Passport

Acceptable forms of ID

All travelers – U.S. citizens and foreign nationals alike – must present documents that show identity and citizenship when entering the United States. A U.S. passport can show both. If you don't have one or don't want to bring one, be aware that you may need to present more than one document.

U.S. citizens 16 and older

If you're a U.S. citizen age 16 or older sailing on a closed-loop cruise without your passport, you will need a government-issued photo ID like a driver's license. In addition, you must present a document that proves your U.S. citizenship. These include:

• Passport card
• State-issued enhanced driver's license (EDL)
• Government-issued birth certificate
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST)
• American Indian Card (Form I-872) or Enhanced Tribal ID Card

The Trusted Traveler Programs are risk-based programs to facilitate the entry of travelers who have been vetted and preapproved. Most of these programs will provide you with a machine-readable card that allows you to pass through border checkpoints quickly. Keep in mind, some of these IDs are only available to travelers 16 and older.

Read: TSA Precheck vs. Global Entry

U.S. citizens younger than 16

U.S. citizens younger than 16 are only required to present proof of citizenship, such as one of the following documents:

• Original, notarized or certified copy of their government-issued birth certificate
• Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by U.S. Department of State
• Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Read: How to Get a Passport for Kids

Non-U.S. citizens

If you are a lawful permanent resident (or LPR) of the United States, you are required to present a permanent resident card or other valid evidence of permanent residence status.

Non-U.S. citizens, with the exception of Canadians and Mexicans, are not subject to passport exceptions, so a valid passport will need to be provided. Canadian citizens can present a valid passport, Enhanced Driver's License or Trusted Traveler Program card. Mexican citizens must present a passport with a visa or a Border Crossing Card.

Unacceptable forms of ID

While most common forms of identification are accepted, there are a few exceptions. U.S. military identification cards and U.S. Merchant Mariner documents are valid forms of identification, but only when traveling on official orders or in conjunction with official maritime business, so it is unlikely they will be accepted when traveling on a cruise.

Here are some other documents that will not be accepted as proof of citizenship:

• Voter registration cards
• Social Security cards
• Baptismal papers
• Hospital certificates of birth (for anyone older than a newborn)

It is important to note that many of the permitted forms of identification, such as a passport card or EDL, are only accepted at land and sea border crossings. Unforeseen circumstances, such as a medical air evacuation, may cause you to return to the U.S. by air travel. In this case, these documents won't be accepted when you try to reenter at the border crossing.

To avoid extra delays in your return to the U.S. following unforeseen travel complications, the Department of State recommends that everyone taking a cruise from the United States carry a valid passport book in case of emergency.

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Erin Vasta has traveled extensively to international destinations, gaining a deep knowledge of travel regulations in the process. Her expertise in this area has saved her family and friends from unnecessary travel delays and ensured stress-free trips through border security in nearly 15 countries. To write this article, Vasta used her international travel experience and research skills.

You might also be interested in:

• The Top Passport Holders
• Cruise Packing List: Essentials to Bring
• Safe at Sea: The Best Cruise Insurance

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Urgent travel

There is no expedited service for applications lodged overseas. 

You should allow at least six weeks to receive your new passport, although it may be faster.  Some applications, such as child applications without full consent or for children born through surrogacy, take significantly longer.  

Do not make any travel plans that cannot be changed before you receive your passport.   

If you need to travel internationally within the next 3 weeks, please provide evidence (e.g. airline tickets or a letter from your employer) when you lodge your application.  You should print out this evidence and provide it with your application.  We cannot look at tickets stored on your phone or tablet.  

If your new passport is not ready before your travel date, you may be eligible to add an Emergency Passport to your application for an additional fee .  An Emergency Passport has 4 visa pages and the validity is limited to meet immediate travel needs. It does not contain a chip and cannot be used to enter/transit the United States under the Visa Waiver Program (ESTA). If you are travelling to a country that requires a visa, you should check with the embassy of that country whether a visa can be issued in an Emergency Passport and if there is a minimum validity required.

An Emergency Passport is usually issued within 2-3 working days after all requirements are met.  Some Emergency Passport applications, such as child applications without full consent or for children born through surrogacy, take significantly longer.  

Adding an Emergency Passport after lodgement

If you have not received your new passport and need to travel urgently, you can add an Emergency Passport to an application you have already lodged by emailing your lodging office  (Houston applicants - please call). 

You should do this one week before your departure date.  Please email the items below from the email address you listed on your application form: 

• Full name and date of birth of person who needs Emergency Passport (Note: you can request this for yourself or your minor child only)
• Date and city where you submitted your application(s)
• Whether you applied in person or by mail
• Signed  Credit Card Authorisation Form  authorising payment of the Emergency Passport fee plus additional FedEx fee.
• Evidence of travel (e.g. airline tickets or letter from employer)

Cancelling your Emergency Passport

After you complete your travel on your Emergency Passport, please email your lodging office so that your Emergency Passport can be electronically cancelled.  Your regular passport will then be sent to you via FedEx. 

Note:  If you applied for an Emergency Passport only (without paying for a regular passport because you were leaving the United States permanently), you will not automatically receive a new passport.  You should make an appointment to lodge a new application for your regular passport in your new country of residence.